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Las ciencias ambientales interdisciplinarias del presente y futuro: Ecología aplicada, Biología integrativa y Ecología integral
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-04-15) Illescas Cobos, Abiael Alexis
This essay analyzes the interrelation between applied ecology, integrative biology, and integral ecology as key disciplines in environmental sciences. It examines their interdisciplinary foundations, similarities, and differences from a reflective perspective, highlighting how their prospects and potential integration can contribute to addressing contemporary environmental challenges. Applied ecology focuses on the practical resolution of environmental problems. Integrative biology delves into the interactions among organisms, their evolution, and their environment. Integral ecology provides a framework to address the interconnections between natural and sociocultural systems. Based on a strategic selection of literature, this essay analyzes these disciplines in their respective contexts to underscore their relevance in research aimed at developing sustainable and holistic solutions to current and future environmental challenges.
Índice de Sostenibilidad del Agua (ISA) en cuencas del Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-04-15) Aguirre Núñez, Mario; Mejía Marcacuzco, Jesús Abel
The article presents a methodological proposal for assessing water sustainability in river basins using the Water Sustainability Index (WSI) and its application in the river basins of Chili, Caplina, Chancay-Lambayeque, and Urubamba, as well as at the national level in Peru, for the period 2012-2021. The WSI consists of three sub-indices based on the components of sustainable development: economic (SiE), social (SiS), and environmental (SiA). The WSI rating scale ranges from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). Intrinsic and extrinsic indicators, both economic, social, and environmental, were selected. The results show that, both at the basin level and nationally, the social component performs best. However, significant challenges remain in the environmental component (Caplina and Chili river basins) and the economic component (Chancay-Lambayeque, Chili, Urubamba river basins, and national level). Additionally, the risk of water unsustainability is linked to both physical factors (water scarcity in the Caplina basin) and management issues (in the Chancay-Lambayeque basin).
Los derechos de acceso en asuntos ambientales. Análisis desde experiencias de defensores ambientales en Colombia
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-04-15) Vásquez Santamaría, Jorge Eduardo; Pabón Mantilla, Ana Patricia
Understanding the obstacles to exercising access rights in environmental matters in Colombia through the lens of democracy is the main objective guiding the question: How have the rights of access to information, participation, and justice in environmental matters been exercised since the enactment of the 1991 Political Constitution? To address this objective, a qualitative and socio-legal methodology was employed, incorporating hermeneutics and phenomenology, with a focus on the experiences of environmental rights lawyers. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather information, allowing for the triangulation of experiences that have shaped the realities of environmental defenders. The rights of access to information and environmental participation were used as guiding categories, intersecting with access to justice to form the platform in which the defenders' experiences unfold. From this framework, the study analyzes the shortcomings of the democratic state model in environmental matters.
Ecología política del nexo agua-energía-alimentos en dos cuencas transfronterizas: Alto Putumayo y Mira-Mataje
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-04-15) Forero, Jorge Enrique; Villasante Villafuerte, María Angélica; Correa, Alicia
This article examines the dynamics of the Water-Energy-Food nexus in two transboundary basins between Ecuador and Colombia, from a political ecology perspective that prioritizes experiences and perspectives of local communities. Through in-depth interviews, emerging categories are identified: territory, community, extractivism and conflict. Communities experience extractive activities as a threat to their territory, culture and ways of life. Water pollution, decreased availability and climate changes negatively impact agriculture and food security. The proposed approach reveals the struggles for environmental justice and power inequalities in the region. The most affected communities are indigenous, Afro-descendant and peasant communities. The recovery of traditional culture and food sovereignty are presented as key strategies to resist and adapt to the negative effects of extractivism and the climate crisis.
El glifosato en el Perú: entre el riesgo y la justificación del Gobierno para no prohibirlo
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-04-15) Llanos Puga, Cesar Manuel; Eschenhagen Durán, María Luisa
Glyphosate, despite posing risks to human health and the environment, is one of the most widely used agrochemicals in Peru and globally. Motivated by this, the present research explores the reasons behind the regulatory gap in its prohibition, considering that the Peruvian legal framework assigns clear responsibilities to certain authorities in the regulation of agricultural pesticides. The study departs from a technocratic view of risk and seeks to understand how government actors justify the continued existence of the risk. Thus, the central question is: How do governmental actors responsible for regulating the use of agricultural pesticides in Peru neutralize the risk associated with glyphosate use? To answer this, interviews were conducted with government representatives, accompanied by a document review of official reports. The findings revealed how government actors legitimize the use of glyphosate through techniques such as denial of responsibility, appeal to higher loyalties, defense of necessity, affirmation of a net positive impact, justification by comparison, and promotion of a systemic perspective. These rationalizations, linked to the actors' conception of risk, revealed various arguments to justify the non-prohibition of glyphosate. Additionally, the research contributes to the theoretical evolution of the concept of risk neutralization and to the understanding of issues related to the permissiveness of using hazardous chemical products, offering perspectives on the complex dynamics of pesticide regulation and risk management in Peru.