(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-14) Torres Vergel, Frak
The purpose of this research is to analyze the various thematic and discursive elements by which Luis Noriega’s novel Iménez can be considered a demodystopia. To this end, the four coordinates of the system of signification of any demodystopia are first recognized: demography, biopolitics, science fiction and dystopia, which function as synergies present in the architecture of its meaning and as spaces of hermeneutic realization. In the second part, the characterization of these components in the novel diegesis is developed: demographic phenomenon generating the plot conflict (overpopulation), totalitarianism and deviant uses of biopolitics through coercive methods of manipulation and domination (the system of privileges), novum (the Dome), loss of freedom (conditioning and predestination) and identity alienation of the protagonist (detriment of the self).
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-14) Ferrari, Enrique
Mariana Enriquez and Luciano Lamberti take advantage of the widespread ecological sensitivity of our time to provide new disruptive devices to introduce supernatural terror into their stories. They transform the haunted house into natural spaces, which maintain the same characteristics and reactions as the former, but are more in tune with the reader’s concerns. A nature that is hostile because it has been previously mistreated (such as a polluted stream or an abandoned and dirty forest), functions as a haunted house and as a monster. It is a symbolic expression of the taboo upon which an economic development that has ignored so many victims has settled.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-14) Bargetto, Miguel Á.; Riffo Ocares, Bernardo
Research in academic literacy has shown that scaffolding improves the reading of disciplinary texts. Included among the considered variables is the lexica. A robust vocabulary will result in better reading performance. To verify this, a semantic priming task and a reading comprehension test were applied to 31 first-year pedagogy students to establish whether there is a correlation between lexical processing and reading. The main findings indicate the establishment of weak semantic relations and normal reading performance. It is concluded that better reading performance is associated with slower lexical processing, which would suggest that readers engage in strategic operations to address comprehension tasks. This will allow for the formulation of scaffolding actions that highlight the importance of mastering the disciplinary vocabulary in order to safeguard an adequate reading task.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-14) Bustos Gisbert, José Manuel
This paper analyzes the way in which linguistic accuracy is formulated in El libro de estilo de la lengua española (2018), the latest normative publication by the Real Academia de la Lengua (Royal Spanish Academy) and the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (Association of Academies of the Spanish Language). We show that more than half of the rules listed are of a diffuse, or fuzzy nature. We study three kinds of fuzzy rules: rules with a low deontic load, which have little prescriptive character; confusing rules, which are imprecise or subjective in nature; and rules for highly specific cases, with a very limited field of application. Finally, we note that it is not unusual for these three types to appear together.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-14) Camacho Rios, Gladys; Floyd, Simeon; Julca Guerrero, Félix
If the practice of referring to a single “Quechua language” is incorrect because it does not acknowledge the many distinct “Quechuan languages” spoken in the Andean countries, then how many are there? In this study we propose an approximate number based on an application of the most relevant criteria for the distinction between languages/dialects to the Quechuanist literature: (1) degree of mutual intelligibility, (2) phonological-morphosyntactic similarity, (3) lexical correspondence, (4) sociolinguistic perspectives, and (5) geographic fragmentation. Adding up each region individually, we arrive at a total of approximately 12~17 languages. This result highlights the diversity of the Quechuan family as much for linguistics as for public and community policies, which would be more successful if instead of promoting standardization, they valued this diversity.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-14) Olave Arias, Giohanny; Cediel Gómez, Yulia Katherine
This paper aims to analyze the spelling regulations implemented by Facebook and Twitter users during the national strikes of 2019 and 2021 in Colombia. From a glotopolitical perspective, the study identifies the discursive constructions associated with spelling adequacy in virtual interventions (comments and posts) as well as in public spaces (graffiti) within the context of these social movements. The topoï that support these discourses are located, and the argumentative strategies employed by individuals in their publications are highlighted. The analysis focuses on the underlying ideologemes of these interventions and reveals that both proponents and opponents of the strikes share conservative perspectives regarding spelling, often linking it to factors such as education level, intelligence, and criminality. Finally, the research uncovers a relationship between the unrestricted surveillance of spelling regulations and the defense of social regulation.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-14) Almansa Ibáñez, Soraya
The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of Alejo Venegas del Busto’s Breve declaración de las sentencias y vocablos obscuros in Covarrubias’ Thesaurus, as well as in different works of later centuries, where Venegas is considered as an etymological authority. This glossary is an annex to the work of Erasmist spirit the Agonía del tránsito de la muerte (1543) which, despite not having a dictionary approach, has contributed significantly to lexicographical praxis. A detailed search has been made of the accredited voices in Venegas’ glossary to know which of them have had the greatest influence on the work of Covarrubias. To complete the analysis, matching samples are provided in representative lexicographical works. The purpose is to deepen the knowledge of Venegas’ work to determine what his contribution to Covarrubias’ work was, as well as its influence on other lexicographic repertoires.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Terrón Vinagre, Natalia
The Prontuario de ortografía de la lengua castellana of the Real Academia Española is a fundamental text in the history of Spanish orthography. It includes the official orthographic system for Spain’s education, and it was the only reference in terms of spelling in the academic field for more than two decades. In addition, its pedagogical nature separates this text from the treatises previously prepared. For this, the purpose of this research is the detailed analysis of the thirteen editions of the Prontuario (1844-1866), paying special attention to the differences it raises with respect to the latest orthography of the Real Academia Española (ORAE 1820), that is the starting point for the drafting of the school treatise. It is intended to clarify the value of this work both for the history of Spanish orthography, in general, and for the history of the RAE orthography, in particular.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Márquez Arreaza, Dionisio
This essay studies two works by César Vallejo and, in a complementary manner, a possible correspondence with the Marquis de Sade. In Trilce (1922), the crisis of language is studied through the verbal construction, the eschatological theme and the creation-destruction dialectic based on prison experience. The verbal rupture “frees” the imprisoned poet from jail. In España, aparta de mí este cáliz (1939), the transformation of the cadaver into a project for life is studied from a triple discourse that combines the poetic, the political and the religious in favor of the Spanish republican revolutionary movement. The comparison between the popular God-believing intellectual of the twentieth century and the dix-septièmiste aristocratic-revolutionary pornographer shows two poets of the obscure side of modernity.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Véliz Rojas, Claudio
The present work applies the theoretical framework of polysystems, by Itamar Evan-Zohar, and its concretization through the transtextuality approaches of Gérard Genette, to analyze the “active repertoires” of two works written by Chilean actors of the War of the Pacific (1879- 1884) published during the 1880s. Through Bajo la Tienda (1890) by Daniel Riquelme and Sancho en la guerra (1885) by Lucio Venegas, we recognize the use of these repertoires as ways to glorify the conflict while also serving as formulas to condemn the destruction caused by the war phenomenon. These repertoires help us understand the cultural landscape of the time as an active agent in the construction of a certain notion of war.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Forero Gómez, Andrés
This article analyzes how Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo uses his novel La rambla paralela (2002) to expose his literary suicide (the death of his novelistic alter ego and his desire to stop writing altogether) as a form of protest towards the nonsensical nature of reality, which is frequently evidenced in Colombian society. To this end, the first section describes the role that suicide has had in Western thought and literature. Afterwards, the second section explains the reasons behind Vallejo’s critical stance in his works. Finally, the third and main section analyzes how Vallejo kills his narrative in his novel and how this act serves as the author’s most radical protest against contemporary reality.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Susti, Alejandro
The article examines three stories published by Peruvian writer Pilar Dughi (1956-2006) throughout her career as a storyteller: “Conciliación”, “Futuro prometido” and “Los guiños del destino”. The analysis and the interpretation address the representation of their female protagonists from a gender perspective, taking into account the roles, identities and positions that the patriarchal order assigns to them, both in the private and public spheres. The central thesis of the article is that the protagonists, through acceptance or negotiation in their relationships with the opposite sex whether within or outside of marriage , represent the complexity of “being a woman” in a society in which diverse and contradictory discourses on female gender identity coexist.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Esquivel Brizuela, Shaila Lisett
The aim of this paper is to trace the morphologization process that allowed the formation of a prefix from an adverb, both coinciding in the form no. In order to do this, we consider the theory of grammaticalization to analyze a corpus of 794 Spanish words with no-, gathered from different sources from the 13th to the 21st century. The results show the different stages of the change process in which the adverb expanded its contextual distribution, which allowed it to appear before nouns. In this context, the adverb acquires the typical characteristics of a negation prefix, with specific meaning nuances according to the type of noun base it attaches to: total negation for deverbal nouns (no inclusión, ‘non-inclusion’) or partial negation in the case of concrete nouns (no libro, ‘non-book’).
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Olivé, Laia
This article reviews and redefines the concept of the uncanny from Todorov’s theory in The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre (1970) and analyses it in some barely studied prose writings by Juan Ramón Jiménez where it is present. Uncanny literature, which also lacks extensive research, is characterised by the “uncanny effect” it has on the characters and/or the reader: realizing the rarities that intermingle with our everyday life. In Jiménez’s prose, this effect manifests mainly through the compassionate way in which the narrator sees some characters who do not fit into heir environment because of their appearance and/or their behaviour. Among these, we observe children, madmen, sick people, women, foreigners, the incomprehensible and “unacquainted acquaintances”.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Correa, Alejandro; Rodríguez, Linda Carolina
Vowel devoicing is a well-documented feature of American Spanish. This phenomenon (sometimes referred to as unstressed vowel reduction) occurs preceding and following obstruents, especially in a sibilant /s/ environment. This study presents a description of vowel devoicing in Bogotá Spanish and investigates the role of potential factors, including linguistic, sociolinguistic, and stylistic variables. The results show that speakers pronounced vowels as partially devoiced, completely devoiced, or apparently elided. In addition, the analysis revealed that stress, consonantal context, and utterance position are factors strongly related to vowel devoicing. These findings suggest that phonetic reduction studies shed new light on the pronunciation of American Spanish and enhance our understanding of the phonological development of Spanish language.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Flores Salvo, Camila; Jaque Hidalgo, Matías
The present article addresses the relationship between negation and the Spanish deontic modal periphrases deber (‘must’) + infinitive and tener que (‘have to’) + infinitive. Although both periphrases express obligation, they differ in the scope they display with respect to negation: while deber exhibits a wide scope, tener que shows a narrow scope. Our main goal is to establish which specific properties motivate the TPP behavior of deber. Our proposal is that the notion of “obligation” derives, assuming Ramchand’s (2018) model, from two different semantic operations: on the one hand, tener que would perform an exhaustive selection of alternatives; on the other hand, deber would express an exclusive selection, by which the most highly ranked situation given a deontic preference order is selected. One of the main consequences of this difference is, as the article shows, the distribution of actuality entailment readings in “indefinido” contexts, which is required for tener que.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-15) Molina Sangüesa, Itziar
The objective of this paper is to present an unknown text in the fields of philology and the history of science: the Diccionario de medicina peruana (Dictionary of Peruvian Medicine), by Hermilio Valdizán (1923-1961). To this end, we analyze the macrostructure, microstructure and iconostructure of the nine volumes that constitute this monumental contribution to the historical, anthropological and ethnographic studies of the pre-Hispanic and colonial culture of Peru, to which Valdizán dedicated more than two decades of tireless documentary and compilation work. We offer a study of the lexical units included in this lexicographical repertoire, as well as the areas of specialization to which the word list compiled by Valdizán belongs, the lexicographical sources that he used for the preparation of his work and the presence of the indigenous element. This will be accompanied by a review of the biobibliographical, encyclopedic and linguistic contributions preserved in this dictionary, which is revealed as a fundamental piece to understand and (re)construct the medical history of Peru
