Populismo y cambio de política. La reforma del sector minero ecuatoriano durante el gobierno de Rafael Correa entre 2007 y 2010
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2020-04-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este artículo analiza la influencia del populismo en el proceso de cambio de las políticaspúblicas. Para esto, utiliza el caso de la reforma a la ley minera realizada durante el gobierno de Rafael Correa entre el 2007 y el 2010. Se estudia la estructura del discurso que los actores dela política minera utilizan para incidir en el proceso de reforma a partir del Advocacy Coalition Framework y del análisis de redes discursivas. El artículo utiliza técnicas computacionales paraanalizar redes sociales. Los hallazgos principales del artículo son dos. En primer lugar, la estrategiapopulista utilizada por el presidente Correa, que explora imágenes de política públicaemergentes para reducir la fricción institucional, influyó en que tanto la coalición reformistacomo aquella defensora del status quo, expandieran el conflicto para posicionar sus preferenciasde política pública. Además, la estrategia populista de Correa redujo el nivel de aperturay diversidad del subsistema de política pública más allá de lo que se esperaba en el proceso dereforma de la política pública.
This article investigates the influence of populism in a process of policy change. The case ofthe mining law approved by the government of Rafael Correa between 2007 and 2010 isstudied using the Advocacy Coalition Framework and discourse network analysis to study thestructure of the narratives used by actors during the process of reform. The article uses an originaldataset built from newspaper articles, which is analyzed using computational techniques.There are two main findings. First, the populist strategy that exploits emerging policy images toreduce institutional friction motivated reformist and incumbent coalitions to expand the conflict to promote their policy preferences. Second, the populist strategy deployed by presidentCorrea reduced the degree of openness and diversity of the policy subsystem beyond what was expected in the policy process.
This article investigates the influence of populism in a process of policy change. The case ofthe mining law approved by the government of Rafael Correa between 2007 and 2010 isstudied using the Advocacy Coalition Framework and discourse network analysis to study thestructure of the narratives used by actors during the process of reform. The article uses an originaldataset built from newspaper articles, which is analyzed using computational techniques.There are two main findings. First, the populist strategy that exploits emerging policy images toreduce institutional friction motivated reformist and incumbent coalitions to expand the conflict to promote their policy preferences. Second, the populist strategy deployed by presidentCorrea reduced the degree of openness and diversity of the policy subsystem beyond what was expected in the policy process.
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Redes Sociales, Cambio de Política Pública, Populismo, Marco de Coaliciones de Causa, Ley de Minería, Ecuador
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