Causas y permanencia de la corrupción, el rol de la confianza y los dilemas sociales: el caso de Ecuador
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2018-05-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio, plantea discutir la corrupción, sus causas y permanencia, usando la agenda de investigación planteada por Bo Rothstein. De manera general, estudios y teorías han analizado la corrupción, asociándola a variables estructurales tales como: la economía, desarrollo social, democracia, entre otros. Sin embargo, poco ha sido estudiado respecto al rol que otras variables «no estructurales» como la confianza interpersonal y los dilemas sociales juegan en generar y mantener la corrupción. Es por esto, que en el presente estudio, utilizará la base de datos (2014) del proyecto «Barómetro de las Américas» de la Universidad de Vanderbilt, para analizar el caso del Ecuador (país en vías de desarrollo, con altos índices de corrupción). De esta forma, los objetivos del presente estudio son dos: Primero, contrastar lo que las teorías estructurales de corrupción sugieren, versus lo que se observa en el caso ecuatoriano y segundo usar las propuestas teóricas y metodológicas de Rothstein para corroborar o rechazar la correlación entre confianza, dilemas sociales y corrupción en el caso del Ecuador. Por un lado, al parecer, existe en el caso de Ecuador, una correlación positiva entre confianza horizontal y vertical (interpersonal e institucional). Al mismo tiempo, se desprende de los modelos aplicados, que existe una asociación negativa entre la confianza interpersonal y la percepción y permanencia de la corrupción en el caso del Ecuador.
The present study aims to discuss corruption, its causes, and its persistence using the research agenda proposed by Bo Rothstein. As a rule, studies and theories have analysed corruption using structural variables like the economy, social development, and democracy, among others. Nevertheless, little has been explained about the role of other—non-structural—variables in generating and sustaining corruption, such as interpersonal/institutional trust and social dilemmas. Therefore, this study will use data obtained from the Vanderbilt University project Americas Barometer in 2014 to analyse the case of Ecuador. The objective of this paper is twofold: first, to contrast the claims of major theories of structural causes of corruption with what is observed in Ecuador, and second, to use Rothstein’s framework to assess the links between trust, social dilemmas, and corruption in the selected case study. From this analysis, we can assert that the hypotheses constructed by Rothstein are confirmed in the case of Ecuador. On the one hand, there seems to be a positive correlation between vertical and horizontal trust in the country. On the other hand, looking at the fitted models, it is also possible to claim that there is a negative association between interpersonal trust and the perception and persistence of corruption in Ecuador.
The present study aims to discuss corruption, its causes, and its persistence using the research agenda proposed by Bo Rothstein. As a rule, studies and theories have analysed corruption using structural variables like the economy, social development, and democracy, among others. Nevertheless, little has been explained about the role of other—non-structural—variables in generating and sustaining corruption, such as interpersonal/institutional trust and social dilemmas. Therefore, this study will use data obtained from the Vanderbilt University project Americas Barometer in 2014 to analyse the case of Ecuador. The objective of this paper is twofold: first, to contrast the claims of major theories of structural causes of corruption with what is observed in Ecuador, and second, to use Rothstein’s framework to assess the links between trust, social dilemmas, and corruption in the selected case study. From this analysis, we can assert that the hypotheses constructed by Rothstein are confirmed in the case of Ecuador. On the one hand, there seems to be a positive correlation between vertical and horizontal trust in the country. On the other hand, looking at the fitted models, it is also possible to claim that there is a negative association between interpersonal trust and the perception and persistence of corruption in Ecuador.
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Corrupción, Confianza, Interpersonal, Institucional, Estructural, Dilemas Sociales, Ecuador, Causas, Permanencia
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