Anthropologica
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/178510
ISSN: 0254-9212
e-ISSN: 2224-6428
Anthropologica del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales es una publicación de la Especialidad de Antropología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú que se edita desde 1983.
Anthropologica publica trabajos originales inéditos resultado de las investigaciones empíricas y etnográficas más recientes dentro de la antropología y disciplinas afines en el ámbito nacional e internacional, con énfasis en la región andina y amazónica. Se dirige a estudiosos de antropología, profesores universitarios, investigadores y académicos de las ciencias sociales y humanas.
La revista está compuesta por cuatro secciones: Artículos, Reseñas, Traducciones, y Testimonios para la historia de la antropología. Las temáticas dentro de estas secciones pueden ser muy variadas como se puede observar al revisar los números anteriormente publicados. Las mismas deben ser, sin embargo, relevantes a la antropología y disciplinas afines.
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Interrelación e interdependencia en un territorio tradicional(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-18) Narváez-Collaguazo, Roberto EstebanThe Waorani, people of recent contact, and the family groups in isolation Tagaeiri Taromenane coexist in a particular territory, Yasuní, where the presence of external actors, and the extractive activities, generate conditions of pressure, activating conflicts. The most vulnerable peoples are those who they become victims, as happened in 2003, 2006 and 2013, with massacres that put the peoples in isolation the verge of disappearance. The article is an ethnographic research, for understanding the Waorani culture and of the family groups in isolation, identifying intergroup and intragroup relations, and the elements linked to conflict, which lead to establish the persistence of an ethos warrior and the persistence of a social order in relationships within the traditional territory of these societies.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Expropiación territorial, pandemia y resistencia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-18) Possas, Hiran de Moura; Tomchinsky, BernardoIn the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous peoples in the southeast of Pará faced, among many emergencies, the worsening of territorial violations and precarious health care and education, without depriving them of resilience to frontier capitalism in the region. The information obtained through interviews with indigenous leaders, consultation of official data and those published by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB), as well as field notes on the performance of the Mutual Support Network to Indigenous Peoples of Southeastern Brazil Pará, highlights the strategic use of the territory for isolation and resurgence of cultural practices, and the formulation of policies to resist the systemic crises aggravated by the fascist national government of the period.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Ganaderos, colonos y la deforestación de bosques primarios en Morona, Ecuador(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-21) Bedoya Garland, Eduardo; Gómez de la Torre, Sara; Anda Basabe, SusanaThe objective of this article is to describe and analyze the productive characteristics and the corresponding environmental impact of the small and medium extensive cattle ranching practiced by colonists-mestizos and settlers belonging to the Shuar ethnic group in the Morona canton, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. It is undisputable that there are forms of extensive livestock farming that are more sustainable than others, but we believe that the volume of land cleared is a problem that must be addressed. This production system is based on the movement of cattle between pastures on a farm due, among other things, to the low nutritional potential of the gramalote grass. This activity generates deforestation in large extensions of land. Among the factors that accentuate such levels of deforestation are, on the one hand, the larger size of the agricultural units and the need to compensate for the loss in the nutritional potential of the pastures and, onthe other hand, the chrematistic perception of the forests. Extensive livestockfarming, especially among the colonists, has shown a great capacity for resilience over the last forty years. This is despite fluctuations in urbandemand for meat and its environmental impact on the forest. Cattle ranchers in the region have maintained cattle ranching as an important source of income, a capitalization mechanism, a viable activity in a context of relative labor scarcity, and as a means of obtaining social status in a frontier context. In short, as a way of reproducing their family economy.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El cultivo de la coca en el Huallaga y en el VRAE: un enfoque comparativo sobre sistemas productivos y su impacto en los bosques (1978- 2003)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-27) Bedoya Garland, Eduardo; Aramburú López de Romaña, Carlos Eduardo; López de Romaña Pancorvo, Anel MaríaDrawing on two studies and surveys carried out in the Upper Huallaga in 1981 and the VRAE in 2001, both located in the upper Peruvian amazon basin, this paper seeks to describe and analyze the historical and economic conditions under which coca cultivation for illicit purposes expanded in both regions. In this sense, it describes how this history shaped an inefficientand destructive migratory agriculture. Although the periods analyzed in each case are different, with a difference of twenty years between one and the other, the information we have is sufficiently valuable to establish a useful and valuable comparison. These are the two Amazonian regions that had the largest extension of coca plantations at the national level during the study period. When coca expanded in the Upper Huallaga, there was already a much more intense social and economic history of articulation with the market and modernity than in the VRAE. That is, although the contexts and socio-environmental histories of each basin were quite different, the similarities in productive strategies remained significant. Coca, as a plantation or permanent crop planted in relatively small areas, did not eliminate the shifting agriculture practiced by most Andean settlers in the high jungle. From time to time, coca growers abandoned their plantations in the phase of decreasing yields, in search of new lands and fertile soils within their own properties or in more distant areas, reproducing the slash-and-burn method.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Los efectos de estado de la política pública ambiental en territorios indígenas(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-08-09) Biffi Isla, ValeriaBased on the implementation of a forest conservation program in indigenous communities analyze how the indigenous population understands the state as an environmental ruling institution and how they perform as users of public policy. The results of this ethnographic study suggest that the implementation of this scheme of economic incentives for conservation generates a weak connection of the state as an environmental institution but reinforces the role of the state as a provider of development opportunities. With this scheme, the indigenous population has constructed alternative interpretations of forest conservation as an asset to attract future development opportunities and of economic incentives as rewards and tips. The main state effect of the program is the bureaucratisation of communities to adapt then to the state ideal of installing an audit culture.Ítem Texto completo enlazado No-humanos, tiempos-espacios y socialidad amazónica entre los llanchama runa del río Tiputini(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2020-12-23) Contreras Ilabaca, Ignacio AndrésProponemos un análisis de las relaciones con la alteridad que los seres no-humanos y la selva como entidad viviente establecen con los llanchama runa del río Tiputini en la Amazonia ecuatoriana. Para desarrollar esta propuesta recogemos tres relatos que nos fueron compartidos durante nuestro trabajo de campo y que narran encuentros vivenciales entre seres humanos y no-humanos, con especial atención en las nociones de tiempo y espacio en que acontecieron. Confrontamos nuestros datos con la teoría perspectivista y las ontologías relacionales para profundizar en los modos particulares con que los humanos enfrentan los cruces de perspectivas y en la figura del chaman como mediador y restaurador de la vida cotidiana cuando esta es perturbada por los intentos predatorios de las entidades no-humanas. Veremos que los llanchama runa tratan con las agencias no-humanas empleando valores específicos, relacionales y transformadores, movilizándose en dos tiempos-espacios diferenciados y simultáneos; condición que les permite seguir existiendo y habitando la selva bajo un modelo de socialidad siempre creativo y performativo de predadores y presas.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Surrallés, Alexandre; Espinosa, Oscar; Jabin, David (eds.) Apus, caciques y presidentes. Estado y política indígena amazónica en los países andinos. Lima: IWGIA, IFEA, PUCP, 2016.(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-07-17) Campanera Reig, MireiaApus, chiefs and presidents ... constitutes several achievements. First, the dissemination of the work of the international research group APOCAMPO that strives to nurture the reflection on the confluence of politics, the indigenous, the State and the Amazon, drawing a lively, contemporary composition and criticism. Second, for contributing to look at cities as indigenous spaces. And finally, for thinking the juridical as a language of relationship and political interpellation between diverse and changing social agents, whether due to tensions between indigenous, or between indigenous and non-indigenous, or even by unequal dialogue - sometimes deaf - with the State .Ítem Texto completo enlazado El impacto de la actividad extractiva petrolera en el acceso al agua: el caso de dos comunidades Kukama Kukamiria de la cuenca del Marañón (Loreto – Perú)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2016-12-15) Grados, Claudia; Pacheco, EduardoEn esta investigación nos aproximamos a las consecuencias de las actividades petroleras en el acceso a recursos naturales e hídricos en dos Comunidades Nativas Kukama Kukamiria en la cuenca del río Marañón (Loreto). Se analiza también el rol del Estado y las empresas involucradas en los derrames de petróleo ocurridos en la zona. Con dicho propósito, visitamos las comunidades de Shapajilla y Parinari, donde se realizaron entrevistas, talleres y observación participante. En este sentido, si bien los derrames han generado trasformaciones en el acceso y uso de agua (por ejemplo en la calidad y cantidad del agua y peces que hay en la zona) se observa que la pesca y el río siguen siendo relevantes para el ecosistema, economía familiar y cosmovisión kukama. No obstante, la concepción de un entorno contaminado sigue generando incertidumbre en la población.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Bultos, selladores y gringos alados: percepciones indígenas de la violencia capitalista en la Amazonía peruana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2010-03-26) Santos Granero, Fernando; Barclay, FedericaIn this article we examine a set of stories that have appeared amongthe Ashaninka, Awajun and Wampis of eastern Peru featuring adiversity of white supernatural beings that wander about their communitiesto steal their vital force or introduce harmful substancesinto their bodies, thus affecting their personal and social integrity.We argue that these stories constitute a response to the capitalistviolence experienced by these peoples as a result of hard-linegovernment policies promoting private investment, and the frenziedactivities of a large number of extractive companies. Such stories areinformed by indigenous notions about personhood and illness, butalso by native eco-cosmologies that view life as a scarce resource,the object of intense interspecific competition. If these ‘politicaleconomies of life’ do not turn into a Hobbesian war of all againstall it is due to an ethic of self-regulation that guarantees the balancebetween species despite the practice of generalized predation. Whatdistinguishes this from past junctures of predation by white peopleis that on this occasion native Amazonians feel that the government,in alliance with the extractive companies, has set out to exterminatethem once and for all.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Educación Superior para indígenas de la Amazonía peruana: balance y desafíos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Espinosa, OscarIn the last decades, an important discussion has been developed in Latin America about the access of indigenous students to higher-education institutions and about the creation of intercultural universities. This article specifically revises the different types of experiences of higher-education offered to the indigenous youth of the Peruvian Amazon region, and it builds on information gathered throughout the last decade of following and studying these experiences. The article begins with a discussion of the programs for bilingual teachers, which has been the prioritized form of access to higher education offered to the indigenous peoples. Then it analyzes different cases of affirmative action programs promoted by the Peruvian State and Peruvian universities, such as quotas and special scholarship programs. Finally, it presents the case of the intercultural universities, most of which have been created only a few years ago, and it discusses their real possibilities of becoming an alternative form of engaging with intercultural education.