La organización sociopolítica de los Chachapoya: implicancias de la evidencia arqueológica de la provincia de Luya (Departamento de Amazonas)
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2018-08-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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La mayoría de los investigadores que han estudiado la historia de los chachapoya (c. 800-1550 d.C.), postulan una organización social constituida por un número de curacazgos autónomos y separados, pero las evidencias arqueológicas no necesariamente sustentan esta hipótesis. Al parecer, antes de la llegada de los inkas las poblaciones chachapoya vivían en sociedades segmentarias que carecían de autoridades políticas. Las evidencias arqueológicas (formas de enterramiento, pinturas rupestres) registradas por el autor en la provincia de Luya, indican únicamente la presencia de jefes de guerra y sustentan la declaración de algunos cronistas que afirmaron que el sistema de curacazgos fue introducido por los inkas. Pero ¿cómo pudieron los chachapoya realizar obras monumentales como el asentamiento fortificado de Kuélap? Para su construcción fue necesario diseñar previamente el complejo arquitectónico y movilizar mucha mano de obra, lo que hace suponer que en algún momento existió una forma de sociedad más compleja con autoridades mayores. En el presente artículo el autor evalúa los datos arqueológicos y etnohistóricos disponibles para dirimir las hipótesis acerca de la organización sociopolítica de los Chachapoya.
Most researchers studying the history of the ancient Chachapoya (approx. 800- 550 AD) postulate that they were organized in a large number of autonomous and separate chiefdoms. However, the archaeological evidence does not necessarily support this hypothesis. Rather, it seems that the Chachapoya people lived before the Inca conquest in almost segmentary societies lacking political authorities. Archaeological evidence (forms of burial, rock paintings) recorded by the author in the Province of Luya solely indicate the presence of war chiefs. This evidence is corroborated by some of the colonial chroniclers stating that the chiefdom system of “curacazgos” had been introduced by the Inca. But how was it possible for the Chachapoya to build monumental architecture like the “fortified settlement” of Kuélap?. The architectural complex had to be designed and its construction made it necessary to organize extensive labor forces. This leaves us to deduce that, possibly, at some point in their history the Chachapoya lived in a more complex society with a ruling class. In this article the author uses the available archaeological and ethnohistorical data to discuss the pros and cons of the suggestions about the sociopolitical organization of the Chachapoya.
Most researchers studying the history of the ancient Chachapoya (approx. 800- 550 AD) postulate that they were organized in a large number of autonomous and separate chiefdoms. However, the archaeological evidence does not necessarily support this hypothesis. Rather, it seems that the Chachapoya people lived before the Inca conquest in almost segmentary societies lacking political authorities. Archaeological evidence (forms of burial, rock paintings) recorded by the author in the Province of Luya solely indicate the presence of war chiefs. This evidence is corroborated by some of the colonial chroniclers stating that the chiefdom system of “curacazgos” had been introduced by the Inca. But how was it possible for the Chachapoya to build monumental architecture like the “fortified settlement” of Kuélap?. The architectural complex had to be designed and its construction made it necessary to organize extensive labor forces. This leaves us to deduce that, possibly, at some point in their history the Chachapoya lived in a more complex society with a ruling class. In this article the author uses the available archaeological and ethnohistorical data to discuss the pros and cons of the suggestions about the sociopolitical organization of the Chachapoya.
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Chachapoya, Curacazgos, Organización sociopolítica, Luya, Kuélap
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