Evaluación y medición de la expansión territorial de la minería informal en la cuenca alta del Ramis, Puno, Perú, usando imágenes satelitales
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2019-02-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
Resumen
La presente investigación aborda la problemática ambiental que genera la explotación de oro de la minería informal en tres sectores de la cuenca alta del río Ramis (CARR), la cual constituye una de las actividades económicas más impactantes al medio ambiente y a la sociedad en el Perú. A pesar de existir normas específicas orientadas a su formalización y regulación, sus efectos negativos se han expandido e incrementado considerablemente en los últimos doce años. Precisamente, las tecnologías de teledetección constituyen herramientas eficientes, que pueden ser de muy bajo costo, útiles para evaluar y analizar la problemática ambiental de un área tan extensa como el ámbito de interés (perteneciente a la hoya hidrográfica del lago Titicaca), de modo que se logró ver la evolución que ha tenido la minería aurífera en esta zona mediante la cuantificación de la superficie que presentó cambios en el uso del suelo para el periodo comprendido entre 1984 y 2015, usando imágenes de satélite multiespectral Landsat.Los resultados del análisis de veintiséis imágenes satelitales diferentes, para detectar las superficies que tuvieron un cambio de uso de suelos, se comparan cronológicamente con la ocurrencia de hechos sociales, políticos y económicos, como la cotización internacional diaria del oro, manifestaciones del conflicto socio ambiental o acciones de intervención del gobierno, factores que influyeron en la expansión territorial o estancamiento de las actividades de minería informal en la zona, así como la eficacia que tuvo las acciones tomadas por parte de las autoridades competentes para su control o mitigación.
The following research is about the environmental problems who produce the gold exploitation of informal mining in three sectors of the Ramis River High Basin (CARR, due to its name in Spanish), which is one of the most impacting economic activities in the environment and society that is currently in Peru. In spite of the existence of specific norms oriented to their formalization and regulation, their negative effects have expanded and increased considerably in the last 12 years. Precisely, remote sensing technologies are very efficient low-cost tools to evaluate and analyze the environmental issues of the area of interest (which belongs to the hydrographic basin of the Titicaca Lake), being able to see the evolution that gold mining had in this area by quantifying the area that showed changes in land use for the period between 1984 and 2015, using Landsat multispectral satellite images.The results of the digital analysis of satellite images of 26 different years for detect the surfaces who had a change in land use, is compared chronologically with the occurrence of social, political and economic events such as the gold international daily price, socio-environmental conflict demonstrations or government intervention actions, factors that influenced the territorial expansion or stagnation of informal mining activities in the area, as well as the effectiveness ofthe actions taken by the competent authorities for their control or mitigation.
The following research is about the environmental problems who produce the gold exploitation of informal mining in three sectors of the Ramis River High Basin (CARR, due to its name in Spanish), which is one of the most impacting economic activities in the environment and society that is currently in Peru. In spite of the existence of specific norms oriented to their formalization and regulation, their negative effects have expanded and increased considerably in the last 12 years. Precisely, remote sensing technologies are very efficient low-cost tools to evaluate and analyze the environmental issues of the area of interest (which belongs to the hydrographic basin of the Titicaca Lake), being able to see the evolution that gold mining had in this area by quantifying the area that showed changes in land use for the period between 1984 and 2015, using Landsat multispectral satellite images.The results of the digital analysis of satellite images of 26 different years for detect the surfaces who had a change in land use, is compared chronologically with the occurrence of social, political and economic events such as the gold international daily price, socio-environmental conflict demonstrations or government intervention actions, factors that influenced the territorial expansion or stagnation of informal mining activities in the area, as well as the effectiveness ofthe actions taken by the competent authorities for their control or mitigation.
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Minería informal, Teledetección, Sistemas de información geográfica, Cambio de uso de suelos, Conflicto socio ambiental
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Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess