Los servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos: entre la urbanización y el cambio climático. Percepción campesina y experta en la subcuenca del río Shullcas, Perú
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2018-08-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Los ecosistemas de montaña, como los Andes centrales, son fuente de vida. Proveen servicios ecosistémicos hidrológicos - SEH para la población. Estos ecosistemas, como es el caso de la subcuenca del río Shullcas —ubicada entre el nevado Huaytapallana y la ciudad de Huancayo en el Perú— sufren los efectos del retroceso glaciar y las variaciones de precipitación como consecuencia del cambio climático y los efectos de la globalización que promueven la urbanización física, demográfica y sociocultural, principalmente en las zonas de transición rural-urbana. La degradación, contaminación y sobrexplotación de la subcuenca contribuyen con el estrés hídrico y el desabastecimiento de agua, afectando los SEH y el bienestar de la población. El fomento de una visión integrada y holística para el desarrollo sostenible motiva esta investigación, orientada a revelar las distintas percepciones de los actores —usuarios campesinos y expertos de instituciones— sobre los SEH de la subcuenca del río Shullcas. Para ello, se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario. Los resultados revelan similitud en la percepción de los entrevistados y en la identificación de la importancia, vulnerabilidad y tendencia de los SEH, así como en la determinación de los factores y responsables de los cambios que sufre el recurso hídrico. El trabajo concluye reconociendo percepciones similares y observando nexos entre «la ciudad» y «el campo», la priorización de SEH, la relevancia de los factores y responsables de cambio y la necesidad urgente de una visión sistémica, holística, interdisciplinaria y con inclusión de actores, para el fomento del desarrollo sostenible y la buena gestión de la subcuenca.
Mountain ecosystems, such as the central Andes, are a source of life that provides hydrologic ecosystem services - HES to the population. In the case of the Shullcas river subbasin, located between the nevado Huaytapallana and the city of Huancayo in Peru, these ecosystems are affected by the retreat of glaciers and precipitation variations, driven by climate change, and physical, demographic and socio-cultural urbanization—particularly in the rural-urban transition zone. The resulting degradation, contamination, and overexploitation of the subbasin contribute to hydric stress and water shortages and affect both HES and the wellbeing of the population. This research aims at strengthening an integrated and holistic vision for sustainable development and reveals perceptions of different actors —agrarian water users and experts of institutions toward HES in the Shullcas river subbasin. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and applied. The results show similar perceptions in both groups regarding the identification of HES and the assessment of their importance, vulnerability, and trends of future disposability. Moreover, they mostly agree on the factors of influence and actors who are responsible for the decline of water resources. This study concludes that perceptions of both groups are similar —underlining strong rural– urban interactions. It points to the prioritization of selected HES and the relevance of factors and actors responsible for change, and calls for a systemic, holistic, and interdisciplinary vision and inclusive action to strengthen sustainable development and good water governance in the subbasin.
Mountain ecosystems, such as the central Andes, are a source of life that provides hydrologic ecosystem services - HES to the population. In the case of the Shullcas river subbasin, located between the nevado Huaytapallana and the city of Huancayo in Peru, these ecosystems are affected by the retreat of glaciers and precipitation variations, driven by climate change, and physical, demographic and socio-cultural urbanization—particularly in the rural-urban transition zone. The resulting degradation, contamination, and overexploitation of the subbasin contribute to hydric stress and water shortages and affect both HES and the wellbeing of the population. This research aims at strengthening an integrated and holistic vision for sustainable development and reveals perceptions of different actors —agrarian water users and experts of institutions toward HES in the Shullcas river subbasin. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and applied. The results show similar perceptions in both groups regarding the identification of HES and the assessment of their importance, vulnerability, and trends of future disposability. Moreover, they mostly agree on the factors of influence and actors who are responsible for the decline of water resources. This study concludes that perceptions of both groups are similar —underlining strong rural– urban interactions. It points to the prioritization of selected HES and the relevance of factors and actors responsible for change, and calls for a systemic, holistic, and interdisciplinary vision and inclusive action to strengthen sustainable development and good water governance in the subbasin.
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