Sobre las pasivas con argumentos meta o beneficiario en español

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2023-07-11

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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

Abstract

Passivization in Spanish takes (active) clauses with a direct object and turns them into (passive) clauses in which that argument behaves as a subject. English allows secondary passives as well, in which the constituent that is promoted to the subject position is the goal or beneficiary argument of ditransitive predicates such as give: Peter was given a book. Although Spanish does not have this kind of passives, this paper discusses some data on ditransitive verbs whose passives allow the promotion of goal or beneficiary arguments. It is shown that there are at least two major types with differentiated characteristics: verbs that enable a construction we call beneficiary accusative and verbs that trigger what we call lexicalized goal-passives.
La pasivización en español toma cláusulas activas con objeto directo y devuelve variantes pasivas en las que ese argumento funciona como sujeto. En inglés existen pasivas secundarias, en las que el constituyente que se promueve a la posición de sujeto es el argumento meta o beneficiario de predicados ditransitivos como give (‘dar’): Peter was given a book. Si bien el español carece en principio de este tipo de pasivas, en este trabajo se discuten datos de algunos verbos ditransitivos cuyas pasivas admiten promover argumentos meta o beneficiarios. Se muestra que existen al menos dos grandes tipos con características diferenciadas: verbos que habilitan una construcción que denominamos acusativo beneficiario y verbos que dan lugar a pasivas de meta lexicalizadas.

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Argument alternation, Passive, Secondary passive, Beneficiary, Dative, Alternancia argumental, Pasiva, Pasiva secundaria, Beneficiario, Dativo

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