Transitando a la economía circular en el sector agropecuario: granjas experimentales en Guanajuato, México
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2021-03-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP)
Resumen
El sector agropecuario a nivel mundial, y a nivel de Latinoamérica y de México en específico, es muy importante por el aumento creciente de población, y por tanto de las necesidades de alimentación, pero es uno de los sectores que más funciona con un sistema de producción lineal, en vez de circular. Esto provoca que se genere una gran cantidad de residuos, que por su mala disposición puede provocar contaminación al agua, al suelo y muy especialmente atmosférica. Por tanto, es imprescindible ayudar a que los sistemas agropecuarios tiendan a cerrar el ciclo de materia y así disminuir sus impactos ambientales y obtener un mayor rendimiento en el sistema. Todo ello contribuirá a conocer cómo contribuir a la economía circular desde el sector agropecuario. En este artículo se presenta el estudio hecho con tres granjas experimentales en el estado de Guanajuato (México). Se diagnosticaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente las granjas, se detectaron los aprovechamientos de residuos ya existentes en las granjas y se propusieron nuevos aprovechamientos para cada una de ellas. Con todo ello se propuso una red ecoindustrial agropecuaria entre las tres granjas, formada por 11 entidades, 7 diferentes sectores industriales, 8 sinergias existentes, 18 sinergias propuestas, 22 diferentes residuos valorizados o reusados. Con esta red se plantea una solución para 8 de los 10 residuos más problemáticos de estas granjas y se contribuye a cerrar el ciclo de materia en ellas. También se dan criterios para tender a la economía circular en el sector agropecuario.
The agricultural sector is very important worldwide, in Latin America and Mexico, due to increasing population and therefore the need for food. But this sector works mainly as a linear production system, instead of a circular one. This causes the generation of large amount of waste, which can cause water, soil and, especially, atmospheric pollution if not disposed correctly. It is therefore essential to help agricultural systems to close the material cycle and thus reduce environmental impacts and obtain a higher performance in the system. This will help to knowing how to contribute to the circular economy in the agricultural sector. This article presents the study carried out with three experimental farms in the state of Guanajuato (Mexico). The farms were diagnosed qualitatively and quantitatively, the valuation of wastes already done in the farms was detected, and new valuations were proposed for each of them. An eco-industrial agricultural network was proposed between the three farms, made up of 11 entities, 7 different industrial sectors, 8 existing synergies, 18 proposed synergies, 22 different recovered or reused waste. With this network, a solution is proposed for 8 of the 10 most problematic farm wastes and contributes to closing the material cycle in them. Criteria are also given to tend to the circular economy in the agricultural sector.
The agricultural sector is very important worldwide, in Latin America and Mexico, due to increasing population and therefore the need for food. But this sector works mainly as a linear production system, instead of a circular one. This causes the generation of large amount of waste, which can cause water, soil and, especially, atmospheric pollution if not disposed correctly. It is therefore essential to help agricultural systems to close the material cycle and thus reduce environmental impacts and obtain a higher performance in the system. This will help to knowing how to contribute to the circular economy in the agricultural sector. This article presents the study carried out with three experimental farms in the state of Guanajuato (Mexico). The farms were diagnosed qualitatively and quantitatively, the valuation of wastes already done in the farms was detected, and new valuations were proposed for each of them. An eco-industrial agricultural network was proposed between the three farms, made up of 11 entities, 7 different industrial sectors, 8 existing synergies, 18 proposed synergies, 22 different recovered or reused waste. With this network, a solution is proposed for 8 of the 10 most problematic farm wastes and contributes to closing the material cycle in them. Criteria are also given to tend to the circular economy in the agricultural sector.
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Circular economy, waste valuation, Experimental farms, Industrial symbiosis, Agricultural sector, Economía circular, Valorización de residuos, Granjas experimentales, Simbiosis industrial, Sector agropecuario
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Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess