Husserl, lector de Kant. Apuntes sobre la razón y sus límites
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2012
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Una revisión preliminar de la lectura que hace Husserl de Kant muestra que ambos pensadores representan dos tipos de filosofía esencialmente distintas en sus métodos y alcances. El juicio que hace Husserl sobre Kant permite constatar que estamos ante distintas intuiciones privilegiadas. Empero, también permite constatar un aire de familia” –si no en los estilos y la metodología– en ciertas convicciones de fondo respecto de la filosofía y la naturaleza finita de la razón. En este trabajo se aborda, desde la perspectiva husserliana, la relación entre experiencia y juicio” –propia de una teoría trascendental de los elementos” –y entre ciencia y filosofía” –correspondiente a una teoría trascendental del método.”Asimismo, se hará ver la distinción entre las actitudes natural y fenomenológica-trascendental que permite a Husserl introducir dos niveles de interrogaciónfilosófica, y dos tipos de antropologías filosóficas, correspondientes al desdoblamientodel yo– un yo puro constituyente y otro constituido. Esto último conducirá al problema genético de la auto-constitución del yo desde lo más profundo dela vida instintiva pasiva (inconsciente e irracional) hasta la vida racional en un movimiento de ascenso teleológico, que da lugar al replanteamiento del problema kantiano de la finitud de la razón. A pesar de que Husserl incorpora una teleología de tipo leibniziano que resuelve el hiato kantiano entre mundo sensible e inteligible, los conocedores de Kant podrán reconocer sus huellas en la configuración de la fenomenología trascendental husserliana.
A preliminary overview of Husserl reading Kant shows that both thinkers represent two essentially different types of philosophies in their methods and reach. The judgement made by Husserl about Kant allows to state that we are facing two different privileged intuitions. Nevertheless, it also allows to state a family resemblance”–if not in their styles and methodology– in certain ground convictions regarding philosophy and reason’s finite nature. This paper approaches, from a Husserlian perspective, the relationship between experience and judgment” –proper to a Transcendental Theory of Elements”– and in that between science and philosophy” –corresponding to a Transcendental Theory of Method”. Furthermore, it will approach the distinction between natural and transcendental-phenomenological attitudes that allow Husserl to introduce two levels of philosophical interrogation and two types of philosophical anthropologies, corresponding to the splitting of the ego – a pure constitutive ego and a constituted one. This last will lead to the genetic problem of the ego’s self-constitution from the deepest strata of passive instinctive life (unconscious and irrational) towards rational life in a teleological ascending movement that enacts the Kantian problem of reason’s finitude. Despite of the incorporation that Husserl makes of a teleology of Leibnizian type that resolves the Kantian hiatus between sensible and intelligible world, the Kant connoisseurs will recognize his tracks in the configuration of the Husserlian trascendental phenomenology.
A preliminary overview of Husserl reading Kant shows that both thinkers represent two essentially different types of philosophies in their methods and reach. The judgement made by Husserl about Kant allows to state that we are facing two different privileged intuitions. Nevertheless, it also allows to state a family resemblance”–if not in their styles and methodology– in certain ground convictions regarding philosophy and reason’s finite nature. This paper approaches, from a Husserlian perspective, the relationship between experience and judgment” –proper to a Transcendental Theory of Elements”– and in that between science and philosophy” –corresponding to a Transcendental Theory of Method”. Furthermore, it will approach the distinction between natural and transcendental-phenomenological attitudes that allow Husserl to introduce two levels of philosophical interrogation and two types of philosophical anthropologies, corresponding to the splitting of the ego – a pure constitutive ego and a constituted one. This last will lead to the genetic problem of the ego’s self-constitution from the deepest strata of passive instinctive life (unconscious and irrational) towards rational life in a teleological ascending movement that enacts the Kantian problem of reason’s finitude. Despite of the incorporation that Husserl makes of a teleology of Leibnizian type that resolves the Kantian hiatus between sensible and intelligible world, the Kant connoisseurs will recognize his tracks in the configuration of the Husserlian trascendental phenomenology.
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Transcendental Philosophy, Phenomenology, Rationality, Finitude, Anthropology, Teleology, Fenomenología, Filosofía Trascendental, Fenomenología, Racionalidad, Finitud, Antropología, Teleología
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