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2019-08-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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En este texto se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre análisis de frames, poniendo atención en la relación entre frames y política en procesos electorales. Se discuten los estudios sobre frames de nivel y sobre frames genéricos. Se plantea también un análisis de dos tipos de frames: los de nivel y los genéricos, haciendo una comparación de aquellos que fueron presentados en las noticias de dos elecciones peruanas, la del 2014 y la del 2016, haciendo hincapié en las elecciones presidenciales del 2016. De igual modo, se analiza si hay diferencias entre los tipos de medios. Para ello se registraron 5112 noticias electorales de 20 programas y espacios noticiosos de radio, prensa y televisión. De lo encontrado se concluye que si bien existe un patrón de cobertura de uso de frames que persiste de una elección a otra, este difiere durante las fases de primera y segunda vuelta de la campaña electoral.El uso frecuente del “frame de moralidad” constituye un sello particular de la cobertura periodística peruana, aunque también sea habitual que utilicen “frames de conflicto”, estos últimos predominantes a nivel mundial en los contextos electorales. Por tanto, la cobertura de los medios peruanos sigue patrones de producción globalizados aunados con esquemas propios de la cultura periodística nacional, generando una hibridación de patrones de producción noticiosa.
This text reviews the literature on frame analysis, paying attention to the relationship between frames and politics in electoral processes. The studies on level frames and on generic frames are discussed. The types of frames are analyzed: level frames and generic frames. The use of both frames is compared in the Peruvian elections of 2014 and 2016, emphasizing the presidential elections of 2016. Likewise, it is analyzed if the use of these frames show differences between the types of media. The study was based on the analysis of 5112 electoral news from 20 programs and radio, press and television news spaces. The findings show that there is a pattern of coverage of the use of frames that persists from one election to another. But, there are differences in the use of frames from the first phase to the second round of the electoral campaign.Like the studies on coverage in other countries, in the Peruvian case the use of “conflict frames” is common, However, it differs from the international pattern because in the Peruvian case there is a more frequent use of the “frame of morality”. This is a particular feature of Peruvian newspaper coverage. Therefore, the coverage of the Peruvian media follows globalized production patterns together with schemes typical of the national journalistic culture, generating a hybridation of news production patterns.
This text reviews the literature on frame analysis, paying attention to the relationship between frames and politics in electoral processes. The studies on level frames and on generic frames are discussed. The types of frames are analyzed: level frames and generic frames. The use of both frames is compared in the Peruvian elections of 2014 and 2016, emphasizing the presidential elections of 2016. Likewise, it is analyzed if the use of these frames show differences between the types of media. The study was based on the analysis of 5112 electoral news from 20 programs and radio, press and television news spaces. The findings show that there is a pattern of coverage of the use of frames that persists from one election to another. But, there are differences in the use of frames from the first phase to the second round of the electoral campaign.Like the studies on coverage in other countries, in the Peruvian case the use of “conflict frames” is common, However, it differs from the international pattern because in the Peruvian case there is a more frequent use of the “frame of morality”. This is a particular feature of Peruvian newspaper coverage. Therefore, the coverage of the Peruvian media follows globalized production patterns together with schemes typical of the national journalistic culture, generating a hybridation of news production patterns.
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Frames genéricos, Frames de nivel, Frame de conflicto, Elecciones presidenciales, Análisis de contenido
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