Inercia y resistencia al cambio en las políticas de drogas: El caso del desarrollo alternativo en Satipo-Perú
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las políticas de desarrollo alternativo (DA) constituyen medidas para el control de la oferta de drogas ilícitas promovidas en países de la región andina con el fin de limitar la producción ilegal de cocaína. Estas políticas han conllevado a la continua creación de una serie de programas y proyectos, los cuales han sido objeto de grandes cuestionamientos dada su limitada efectividad y escaso impacto en la disminución de la oferta internacional de cocaína, así como por sus consecuencias dañinas para las poblaciones locales. A pesar de las críticas, estas políticas han continuado siendo implementadas a lo largo de los años. El artículo busca dar cuenta de esta contradicción en un intento de explicar la inercia o la continua reproducción de intervenciones de desarrollo alternativo en el Perú.A partir del estudio de un programa de desarrollo alternativo que actualmente está siendo implementado en la provincia de Satipo-Perú, se analiza cómo la inercia es experimentada y perpetuada a nivel local. Utilizando el enfoque de la economía política cultural, el artículo concluye que la inercia es el resultado de la confluencia de intereses particulares y prácticas cotidianas llevadas a cabo por diversos actores, los cuales se anclan en estructuras materiales de desigualdad.
Alternative Development (AD) policies are initiatives aimed at controlling illicit cocaine supply coming from the Andean region. While Andean states have created a great number of AD projects and programs, these have been object of harsh criticism given their limited impact on the reduction of global cocaine supply and their harmful consequences for local communities. In spite of criticism, AD policies have been implemented over the last thirty years. This article provides an account of this contradiction by explaining the workings ofAlternative Development’s inertia or its continuous reproduction in Peru.By drawing on the case of a particular Alternative Development program that is currently being implemented in the province of Satipo, the article analyzes how policy inertia is experienced and perpetuated at the local level. Using the theoretical approach of Cultural Political Economy, the article concludes that policy inertia is the result of vested particular interests and everyday practices carried out by a wide variety of actors who are anchored in structures of material inequality.
Alternative Development (AD) policies are initiatives aimed at controlling illicit cocaine supply coming from the Andean region. While Andean states have created a great number of AD projects and programs, these have been object of harsh criticism given their limited impact on the reduction of global cocaine supply and their harmful consequences for local communities. In spite of criticism, AD policies have been implemented over the last thirty years. This article provides an account of this contradiction by explaining the workings ofAlternative Development’s inertia or its continuous reproduction in Peru.By drawing on the case of a particular Alternative Development program that is currently being implemented in the province of Satipo, the article analyzes how policy inertia is experienced and perpetuated at the local level. Using the theoretical approach of Cultural Political Economy, the article concludes that policy inertia is the result of vested particular interests and everyday practices carried out by a wide variety of actors who are anchored in structures of material inequality.
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Alternative Development, Inertia, Hegemony, Common Sense, Coca, Peru, Desarrollo Alternativo, Inercia, Hegemonía, Sentido Común, Coca, Perú
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