Juegos infantiles inclusivos para el desarrollo multisensorial en espacios públicos del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho
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2022-09-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La Ley Orgánica de Municipalidades del Perú, establece que las Municipalidades deben
fomentar el deporte y la recreación de la niñez (Ley N.º 27972, 2017), pues además de brindar
beneficios físicos, promueven valores como la empatía frente a personas con discapacidad
(INEI, 1993). Los juegos infantiles en San Juan de Lurigancho se limitan al desarrollo de
capacidades psicomotrices, omitiendo el desarrollo de otras habilidades como la integración
sensorial y la inclusión. Las empresas Miracle, Landscape structures, Play and park, Gametime,
Jambette, Playcore, Monstrum, Primary structure, Playform, Intelikids y RMD, están
innovando en aspectos técnicos, funcionales y morfológicos, pero no se enfocan en la
estimulación sensorial de niños con y sin discapacidad. Por ello, se proponen juegos inclusivos
para la estimulación multisensorial y el desarrollo de capacidades psicomotrices y sociales de
niños de 3 a 6 años. En la investigación, se han aplicado técnicas y metodologías del Diseño
Centrado en el Usuario (DCU) organizados con las tarjetas del método IDEO. En la etapa
inductiva, se identificó el reto, usuarios, involucrados y tendencias. Posteriormente, se
realizaron entrevistas, encuestas y estudios etnográficos orientados a los padres, especialistas
y otros involucrados. La conceptualización consistió en cuatro estudios etnográficos, aplicando
herramientas como la etnografía rápida, análisis de error, fly on the wall, focus group, a day in
the life, análisis antropométrico e inventarios personales, para analizar comportamientos y
diseñar las propuestas. Finalmente, para la validación se realizaron modelados digitales a
escala, prototipados de experiencia, entrevistas y análisis estructurales. Se espera que las
propuestas prevengan afecciones y mejoren las capacidades psicomotrices, sobre todo hoy
donde muchos parques infantiles y centros de estimulación siguen inhabilitados
The Organic Law of Municipalities of Peru establishes that Municipalities must promote sports and recreation for children (Law No. 27972, 2017), because in addition to providing physical benefits, they promote values such as empathy towards people with disabilities (MINSA, 2005). Children's games in San Juan de Lurigancho are limited to the development of psychomotor skills, omitting the development of other skills such as sensory integration and inclusion. The companies Miracle, Landscape structures, Play and park, Gametime, Jambette, Playcore, Monstrum, Primary structure, Playform, Intelikids and RMD, are innovating in technical, functional and morphological aspects, but they do not focus on sensory stimulation of children with and without disability. For this reason, inclusive games are proposed for multisensory stimulation and the development of psychomotor and social capacities of children from 3 to 6 years old. In the research, techniques and methodologies of the User Centered Design (UCD) organized with the IDEO method cards have been applied. In the inductive stage, the challenge, users, stakeholders and trends were identified. Subsequently, interviews, surveys and ethnographic studies were conducted aimed at parents, specialists and others involved. The conceptualization consisted of four ethnographic studies, applying tools such as rapid ethnography, error analysis, fly on the wall, focus group, a day in the life, anthropometric analysis and personal inventories, to analyze behaviors and design proposals. Finally, for validation, scale digital modeling, experience prototyping, interviews and structural analysis were carried out. The proposals are expected to prevent conditions and improve psychomotor abilities, especially today where many playgrounds and stimulation centers remain disabled.
The Organic Law of Municipalities of Peru establishes that Municipalities must promote sports and recreation for children (Law No. 27972, 2017), because in addition to providing physical benefits, they promote values such as empathy towards people with disabilities (MINSA, 2005). Children's games in San Juan de Lurigancho are limited to the development of psychomotor skills, omitting the development of other skills such as sensory integration and inclusion. The companies Miracle, Landscape structures, Play and park, Gametime, Jambette, Playcore, Monstrum, Primary structure, Playform, Intelikids and RMD, are innovating in technical, functional and morphological aspects, but they do not focus on sensory stimulation of children with and without disability. For this reason, inclusive games are proposed for multisensory stimulation and the development of psychomotor and social capacities of children from 3 to 6 years old. In the research, techniques and methodologies of the User Centered Design (UCD) organized with the IDEO method cards have been applied. In the inductive stage, the challenge, users, stakeholders and trends were identified. Subsequently, interviews, surveys and ethnographic studies were conducted aimed at parents, specialists and others involved. The conceptualization consisted of four ethnographic studies, applying tools such as rapid ethnography, error analysis, fly on the wall, focus group, a day in the life, anthropometric analysis and personal inventories, to analyze behaviors and design proposals. Finally, for validation, scale digital modeling, experience prototyping, interviews and structural analysis were carried out. The proposals are expected to prevent conditions and improve psychomotor abilities, especially today where many playgrounds and stimulation centers remain disabled.
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Juegos infantiles--Perú--San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima : Distrito), Espacios públicos--Perú--San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima : Distrito), Desarrollo infantil--Perú--San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima : Distrito)
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