Conchopata: urbanismo, producción artesanal e interacción interregional en el Horizonte Medio
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2012
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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El presente capítulo reexamina la producción de cerámica y otras actividades, posiblemente especializadas, en Conchopata,un centro urbano recientemente excavado del Horizonte Medio en el valle de Ayacucho. Empleando la exhaustiva base de datos SIG recopilada por el Proyecto Arqueológico Conchopata examinamos mapas normalizados de coropletas y coeficientes de autocorrelación espacial local para entender las distribuciones de cuatro categorías de implementos de producción alfarera—moldes cerámicos, alisadores, pulidores y raspadores— y las contrastamos con las de vestigios de talla lítica. Encontramos que las altas concentraciones de artefactos relacionados a manufactura cerámica y talla lítica coinciden en el espacio y también están correlacionadas con altas concentraciones de otros materiales, tales como restos botánicos y huesos de animales. Por lo tanto, las áreas del sitio con altas densidades de implementos alfareros probablemente no fueron talleres cerámicos sino concentraciones de basura con altas densidades de desechos de todo tipo. La descarga indiscriminada de desechos de diversas actividades productivas, incluyendo basura doméstica, indirectamente indica una conducta no especializada de eliminación de basura y por inferencia, de actividades de producción no especializadas. La cerámica elaborada, cuya distribución a través de gran parte de los Andes centrales constituye el rasgo definidor del Horizonte Medio, no parece haberse manufacturado dentro del tipo de contexto urbano visualizado por V. Gordon Childe, asociado con interdependencia socio económica de poblaciones económicamente especializadas y divididas en clases sociales. Es improbable que implique la propagación de este tipo de urbanismo durante el Horizonte Medio. Los estudiosos de este periodo deben explorar nuevos modelos alternativos andinos de la organización política, la producción artesanal y la interacción interregional.
This chapter reexamines ceramic production, and other possibly specialized activities, at Conchopata, a recently excavated Middle Horizon urban center in the Ayacucho Valley. Drawing on the exhaustive GIS database compiled by the Conchopata Project, we employ normalized choropleth maps and localized spatial autocorrelation statistics to examine the distributions of four categories of ceramic production implements — ceramic molds, polishers, scrapers, and pulidores — and contrast them with the distributions of artifacts related to lithic manufacturing. We find high concentrations of artifacts suggestive of both types of production to coincide with each other and to correlate with high concentrations of other kinds of materials, such as botanical remains and animal bones. Consequently, areas of the site with high densities of ceramic manufacturing tools are unlikely tohave been ceramic workshops, but more plausibly trash concentrations containing all manner of remains in high densities. Indiscriminate dumping of refuse stemming from various craft production activities as well as domestic waste is indicative of non-specialized discard behavior and, by inference, of non-specialized, domestic production. The fancy ceramics whose spread across much of the Central Andes constitutes the defining feature of the Middle Horizon do not appear to have been manufactured in a V. Gordon Childe-style urban setting associated with spatially differentiated and class-structured economic interdependency. It is unlikely that they imply the spread of this kind of urbanism during the Middle Horizon, and new, Andean models of Wari political organization, craft production, and interregional interaction must be explored by archaeologists.
This chapter reexamines ceramic production, and other possibly specialized activities, at Conchopata, a recently excavated Middle Horizon urban center in the Ayacucho Valley. Drawing on the exhaustive GIS database compiled by the Conchopata Project, we employ normalized choropleth maps and localized spatial autocorrelation statistics to examine the distributions of four categories of ceramic production implements — ceramic molds, polishers, scrapers, and pulidores — and contrast them with the distributions of artifacts related to lithic manufacturing. We find high concentrations of artifacts suggestive of both types of production to coincide with each other and to correlate with high concentrations of other kinds of materials, such as botanical remains and animal bones. Consequently, areas of the site with high densities of ceramic manufacturing tools are unlikely tohave been ceramic workshops, but more plausibly trash concentrations containing all manner of remains in high densities. Indiscriminate dumping of refuse stemming from various craft production activities as well as domestic waste is indicative of non-specialized discard behavior and, by inference, of non-specialized, domestic production. The fancy ceramics whose spread across much of the Central Andes constitutes the defining feature of the Middle Horizon do not appear to have been manufactured in a V. Gordon Childe-style urban setting associated with spatially differentiated and class-structured economic interdependency. It is unlikely that they imply the spread of this kind of urbanism during the Middle Horizon, and new, Andean models of Wari political organization, craft production, and interregional interaction must be explored by archaeologists.
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Conchopata, Horizonte Medio, Producción Artesanal, Especialización Laboral, Urbanismo, Intercambio Interregional, Autocorrelación Espacial, Conchopata, Middle Horizon, Craft Production, Specialization, Urbanism, Interregional Exchange, Spatial Autocorrelation
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