Valoración de la sostenibilidad en cultivos de soya, cultivos familiares y agroforestales: aplicación de la herramienta RISE en Cerrado
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2019-10-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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En los últimos 30 años, extensas áreas de Cerrado, en la sabana brasileña, se han convertido en sistemas agrícolas orientados a la exportación. El impacto social, ambiental y económico que provocaron estos sistemas en el uso de la tierra es masivo. Con el fin de comprender si el desarrollo agrícola actual en Cerrado es sostenible, el presente estudio analiza la sostenibilidad de estos sistemas, por medio del enfoque de triple bottom line. El objetivo es evaluar la sostenibilidad dentro de tres cultivos agrícolas diferentes: la agricultura de la soya, la familiar y la agroforestal. Para esto, fueron analizadas quince unidades familiares, utilizando una herramienta de evaluación basada en los indicadores «RISE». Los puntajes de sostenibilidad de cada indicador RISE revelaron quelos cultivos de soya son económicamente sostenibles, pero su puntaje de sostenibilidad socio ambiental es bastante crítico, alcanzando los puntajes más bajos en todos los indicadores, excepto en «viabilidad económica» y «uso del agua». Los cultivos familiares y la agrosilvicultura son ambientalmente sostenibles, empero, su grado de sostenibilidad social es crítico o escasamente positivo.En cuanto a la sostenibilidad económica, los cultivos familiares alcanzaron un puntaje crítico, mientras que los cultivos agroforestales uno escasamente positivo. Por último, si bien la diferencia de la sostenibilidad, entre los cultivos de soya y los otros dos es grande, llega a ser mínima entre los agroforestales y los familiares. RISE constituyó una herramienta válida para evaluar, con una cantidad moderada de datos, la sostenibilidad de estos tres tipos de cultivos agrícolas en Cerrado.
Over the last 30 years, extensive areas of Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah, have been converted to export-oriented agribusinesses. The social, environmental and economic impact of such large-scale land-use conversion is massive. To understand whether the current farming development in the Cerrado is sustainable, this study analyzes the sustainability performance of single farms applying the triple bottom line approach. Its aim is to assess the sustainability of soy, family and agroforestry farms. Fifteen farms were analyzed through the indicator-based sustainability assessment tool «RISE». The sustainability scores of RISE themes revealed that soy farms are economically sustainable, while their socio-environmental sustainability degree is rather critical. They scored lower than the other two farm types in all RISE themes except in the «economic viability» and «water use». Family farms and agroforestry are environmentally sustainable according to RISE.The sustainability degree of their social themes is either critical or scarcely positive mainly due to the high number of working hours and the low wage and income level. Looking at the economic sustainability, family farms reached a critical degree and agroforestry farms a barely positive degree. While the difference of sustainability performance between soy farms and the two others is large, it is minimal between agroforestry and family farms. RISE was a valid tool to assess with a moderate amount of data the sustainability performance of highly diverse farm types in the Cerrado.
Over the last 30 years, extensive areas of Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah, have been converted to export-oriented agribusinesses. The social, environmental and economic impact of such large-scale land-use conversion is massive. To understand whether the current farming development in the Cerrado is sustainable, this study analyzes the sustainability performance of single farms applying the triple bottom line approach. Its aim is to assess the sustainability of soy, family and agroforestry farms. Fifteen farms were analyzed through the indicator-based sustainability assessment tool «RISE». The sustainability scores of RISE themes revealed that soy farms are economically sustainable, while their socio-environmental sustainability degree is rather critical. They scored lower than the other two farm types in all RISE themes except in the «economic viability» and «water use». Family farms and agroforestry are environmentally sustainable according to RISE.The sustainability degree of their social themes is either critical or scarcely positive mainly due to the high number of working hours and the low wage and income level. Looking at the economic sustainability, family farms reached a critical degree and agroforestry farms a barely positive degree. While the difference of sustainability performance between soy farms and the two others is large, it is minimal between agroforestry and family farms. RISE was a valid tool to assess with a moderate amount of data the sustainability performance of highly diverse farm types in the Cerrado.
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Brasil, Sabana, Comparación, Triple resultado, Evaluación basada en indicadores
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