Collca y sapçi: una perspectiva sobre el almacenamiento inka desde la analogía etnográfica
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2004
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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En la década de 1970, Murra propuso investigar los derivados posttawantinsuyu del sistema inka de almacenes (qullka) mediante el estudio del término colonial "sapçi". Tanto en el texto de Guaman Poma (1615) como en el manuscrito quechua de Huarochirí (1608) utilizan este vocablo oscuro para denominar lo almacenado para uso comunal. Hoy, los mismos pueblos donde se recogieron las narrativas de Huarochirí poseen edificios llamados collcas; ellas contienen depósitos parecidos al que Guaman Poma dibujó bajo el nombre de sapçi. Las observaciones etnográficas (1994-2001) en la collca de Tupicocha sugieren que los sistemas modernos de almacenamiento guardaron similitudes con el sapçi, y en menor grado, con la qullka, hasta el siglo XX. Al igual que el almacenamiento inka, la collca se asocia con los khipus. De similar manera que el sapçi colonial, la collca fusiona dentro de su arquitectura el almacenamiento y la estructura central del pueblo nucleado en forma de reducción toledana. También hay parecido con el sapçi de Guaman Poma en cuanto que la collca administra bienes intracomunales en vez de servir al sector estatal. El régimen ritual que gobierna la collca, y que ha permitido frecuentes cambios en su diseño y sus funciones, puede ofrecer una analogía etnográfica relevante tanto a los casos inka como colonial.
Collca and Sapçi: A Perspective on Inka Storage via Ethnographic AnalogyIn the 1970’s Murra proposed studying post-Inka descendants of the Inka storage (qullka) system by following up the colonial term sapçi. Both Guaman Poma (1615) and the Huarochirí Quechua manuscript (1608) used this obscure word to denote stores for communal use. Today, the same villages in which the Huarochirí texts were gathered have buildings called Collcas, which contain storage deposits much like what Guaman Poma pictured under the name of sapçi. Ethnographic observation (1994-2001) at the Collca of Tupicocha suggests that modern local storage systems up to the 20th century bore significant likeness to the sapci, and lesser likeness to qullka. Like Inka warehousing, the Collca is associated with khipus. Like the colonial sapçi, however, the Collca architecturally fuses warehousing with the central structure of the nucleated village on the Toledan reducción model. Also like Guaman Poma’s sapçi, it administers intracommunal holdings rather than serving the state sector. The ritual regimen which governs the Collca, and which has allowed frequent changes in its design and functions, may offer an ethnographic analogy relevant to both Inka and colonial eras.
Collca and Sapçi: A Perspective on Inka Storage via Ethnographic AnalogyIn the 1970’s Murra proposed studying post-Inka descendants of the Inka storage (qullka) system by following up the colonial term sapçi. Both Guaman Poma (1615) and the Huarochirí Quechua manuscript (1608) used this obscure word to denote stores for communal use. Today, the same villages in which the Huarochirí texts were gathered have buildings called Collcas, which contain storage deposits much like what Guaman Poma pictured under the name of sapçi. Ethnographic observation (1994-2001) at the Collca of Tupicocha suggests that modern local storage systems up to the 20th century bore significant likeness to the sapci, and lesser likeness to qullka. Like Inka warehousing, the Collca is associated with khipus. Like the colonial sapçi, however, the Collca architecturally fuses warehousing with the central structure of the nucleated village on the Toledan reducción model. Also like Guaman Poma’s sapçi, it administers intracommunal holdings rather than serving the state sector. The ritual regimen which governs the Collca, and which has allowed frequent changes in its design and functions, may offer an ethnographic analogy relevant to both Inka and colonial eras.
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Arqueología, Etnohistoria, Etnografía, Depósito, Sapçi, Collca, Inka, Guaman Poma de Ayala, Manuscrito de Huarochirí, Archaeology, Ethnohistory, Ehtnography, Warehouse, Sapçi, Collca, Inka, Guaman Poma De Ayala, Huarochirí Manuscript
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