Descentralización y reconfiguración productiva en la industria automotriz mexicana
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2019-10-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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En un contexto de cambios en la economía internacional, México se ubica actualmente como el primer país productor de vehículos y autopartes en América Latina, séptimo productor de vehículos en el mundo. El sector automotriz constituye uno de los ejes estratégicos de la economía mexicana. Desde los años noventa muestra un dinamismo particular con la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio con América del Norte, y después de 2009 presenta una nueva etapa de expansión con apertura de nuevas plantas, la llegada de mayor inversión extranjera directa, crecimiento de la producción, incremento del comercio internacional y exportaciones.En las últimas décadas se configura un modelo específico de organización industrial y una nueva organización territorial, cuando se generaliza la descentralización productiva, con un número creciente de actividades realizadas en establecimientos separados pertenecientes a empresas diversas. La producción de componentes y partes se externaliza hacia proveedores, se disocian tareas antes integradas y se organizan redes de empresas. Adquieren importancia las empresas proveedoras que concentran el 90% del empleo y 70% de las remuneraciones del sector. Es importante incidir en la presencia de este segmento de la industria automotriz, pues en los últimos años adquiere un rol protagónico. México se posiciona como el quinto exportador deautopartes en el mundo. Considerando la importancia de los procesos de descentralización y reorganización industrial el objetivo es presentar un panorama general del sector automotriz en México, incidiendo en el segmento de proveedoras. La metodología que utilizamos implica la revisión y seguimiento de variables estadísticas de producción, exportación, inversión extranjera directa y empleo. También se basa en resultados de investigación que implican revisión de literatura sobre las proveedoras.
In a context of changes in the international economy, Mexico is positioned currently as the first vehicle and auto parts producing country in Latin America, seventh producer of vehicles in the world. The automotive sector constitutes one of the strategic axes of the Mexican economy. Since the nineties it has shown a particular dynamism with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement and after 2009 presents a new stage of expansion with the opening ofnew plants, the arrival of more foreign direct investment, growth of production, an increase in international trade and exports. In recent decades a specific model of industrial organization and a new territorial organization has been configured, when productive decentralization is generalized, with a growing number of activities carried out in separate establishments that belong to various companies. The production of components and parts is externalized towards suppliers, tasks that used to be integrated get dissociated and are organized in company networks. The supplier companies acquire importance as they concentrate 90% of employment and 70% of the sector’s compensation. It is important to focus on the presence of this segment of the automotive industry, as in recent years it acquires a main role. Mexico is positioned as the fifth auto part exporter in the world. Considering the importance of the decentralization process and industry reorganization, the objective is to present a general outlook of the Mexican automotive sector, focusing on the supplier segment.The methodology that we utilize implies the review and following of statistical variables of production, export, foreign direct investment and employment. It is also based on results of research that implies review of literature about suppliers.
In a context of changes in the international economy, Mexico is positioned currently as the first vehicle and auto parts producing country in Latin America, seventh producer of vehicles in the world. The automotive sector constitutes one of the strategic axes of the Mexican economy. Since the nineties it has shown a particular dynamism with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement and after 2009 presents a new stage of expansion with the opening ofnew plants, the arrival of more foreign direct investment, growth of production, an increase in international trade and exports. In recent decades a specific model of industrial organization and a new territorial organization has been configured, when productive decentralization is generalized, with a growing number of activities carried out in separate establishments that belong to various companies. The production of components and parts is externalized towards suppliers, tasks that used to be integrated get dissociated and are organized in company networks. The supplier companies acquire importance as they concentrate 90% of employment and 70% of the sector’s compensation. It is important to focus on the presence of this segment of the automotive industry, as in recent years it acquires a main role. Mexico is positioned as the fifth auto part exporter in the world. Considering the importance of the decentralization process and industry reorganization, the objective is to present a general outlook of the Mexican automotive sector, focusing on the supplier segment.The methodology that we utilize implies the review and following of statistical variables of production, export, foreign direct investment and employment. It is also based on results of research that implies review of literature about suppliers.
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Industria automotriz, México, Descentralización, Reconfiguración productiva, Proveedoras de autopartes, Nueva división del trabajo
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item.page.review
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