Un análisis bioarqueológico de los entierros en Kuélap, un acercamiento a los patrones de morfología y vida
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2018-08-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Mediante el análisis bioarqueológico y biométrico de los restos óseos de Kuélap podemos probar los modelos de la naturaleza física atribuidos a los chachapoya, un grupo indígena mitificado por los inka en los documentos históricos.Fueron descritos como fuertes y feroces, pero también blancos y hermosos. Esta investigación explora los conceptos inka que distinguen de modo particular a la población chachapoya. Utilizando datos esqueléticos de una amplia muestra procedente de Kuélap, de más de 600 entierros, examinamos las estimaciones de estatura, proporciones, indicadores de esfuerzo, el tamaño corporal, modificación craneal y heridas traumáticas para reconstruir aspectos del aspecto físico de los hombres y mujeres chachapoya. Las comparaciones con los datos publicados son preliminares, pero pueden indicar si fueron diferentes a otras poblaciones precolombinas de la costa o la sierra. Siendo esta la primera aproximación a un perfil biomorfométrico de esta población, la reputación de los chachapoya no está confirmada, mostrando características que los distinguen de otros grupos. Las identidades bioculturales de los pueblos antiguos pueden ser verificadas mediante varios indicadores y factores biogeográficos que influyeron la vida en el pasado.
This paper presents an analysis of skeletal indicators of physical morphology reconstructed from burials recovered from Kuelap to test proposed models of the nature of the Chachapoya people whose characteristics have been mythologized from secondary historical documents based on Inka perceptions. Broadly defined as strong and fierce, but also fair and beautiful, this research explores Inka concepts of the physical distinctiveness of the Chachapoya people. Using skeletal data gathered from a large sample of over 600 burials from Kuelap, we examine estimations of stature, limb proportions, indicators of robusticity, body mass estimates, cranial modification, and traumatic injuries to reconstruct aspects of the physicality of the Chachapoya men and women. Comparisons can be made to the limited published literature to consider if the Chachapoya were distinct from other pre-Columbian populations either on the coast or in highland areas. While this is the first approximation of a morphometric profile of this Andean region, the Chachapoya’s reputation is not overwhelmingly supported by a physical distinctiveness, although there are some specific features that distinguish them from other groups. The biocultural identities of past populations can be tested using various indicators to consider the influence of bio-geographical and cultural factors.
This paper presents an analysis of skeletal indicators of physical morphology reconstructed from burials recovered from Kuelap to test proposed models of the nature of the Chachapoya people whose characteristics have been mythologized from secondary historical documents based on Inka perceptions. Broadly defined as strong and fierce, but also fair and beautiful, this research explores Inka concepts of the physical distinctiveness of the Chachapoya people. Using skeletal data gathered from a large sample of over 600 burials from Kuelap, we examine estimations of stature, limb proportions, indicators of robusticity, body mass estimates, cranial modification, and traumatic injuries to reconstruct aspects of the physicality of the Chachapoya men and women. Comparisons can be made to the limited published literature to consider if the Chachapoya were distinct from other pre-Columbian populations either on the coast or in highland areas. While this is the first approximation of a morphometric profile of this Andean region, the Chachapoya’s reputation is not overwhelmingly supported by a physical distinctiveness, although there are some specific features that distinguish them from other groups. The biocultural identities of past populations can be tested using various indicators to consider the influence of bio-geographical and cultural factors.
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Bioarqueología, Morfometría, Restos óseos, Patrones mortuorios, Etnohistoria, Chachapoyas
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