Los ámbitos de relación geográfica entre minería y entorno rural: un modelo de caso para una gestión integral del espacio
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2006
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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El volumen de recursos humanos, económicos y materiales que moviliza la industria minera a los espacios rurales la convierten en el más poderoso medio de difusión de la sociedad industrial en el medio rural tradicional. Los recursos humanos movilizados van desde ejecutivos altamente calificados hasta obreros sin secunda ria completa, pasando por las más diversas profesiones y oficios. Los recursos eco nómicos son de una variada repercusión e importancia, y se reflejan en diferentes aspectos, como la circulación de mercancías, el efecto de los salarios en la econo mía local, la transformación de patrones de consumo y el ingreso que, por diferen tes conceptos, reciben los gobiernos locales. Finalmente, la movilización directa e indirecta de recursos materiales lleva a la construcción de infraestructura de servicios, de nuevos centros poblados y de plantas industriales en los más recónditos lugares del país, donde por lo general imperan la pobreza y la ausencia del Estado.Considerando las características culturales de las sociedades campesinas, en las zonas alto andinas, donde se localiza gran parte de la industria minera, y dada la gama de recursos que moviliza la minería como avanzada de la sociedad industrial, podemos identificar espacios de encuentro cultural, económico, ambiental y social que definen una compleja relación entre el hombre y el espacio geográfico que lo rodea.El presente artículo ofrece una aproximación desde el punto de vista geográfico,tanto físico como cultural, a estos espacios, por medio de modelos descriptivos. El objetivo es reconocer algunos de los componentes dinámicos más importantes subyacentes a cada uno de los espacios con miras a una gestión del desarrollo local e industrial.El artículo se basa en un estudio realizado durante el año 2005, en una mina de mediana escala situada en los Andes centrales del Perú, sobre los 4.200 metros sobre el nivel del mar, en la región Huancavelica. El ámbito social es de organizaciones campesinas tradicionales, quechua hablantes y en condiciones socioeconómicas de extrema pobreza.
The volume of human and economic as well as material resources put into action by the mining industry in rural spaces has given this industry the most powerful force to the diffusion of the industrial society in the traditional rural societies. The mobilized human resources include all levels, from high qualified executives to unqualified labor with low schooling level. The economic resources are of different types and are reflected in the circulation of goods, salaries, the changes in consumption patterns, and incomes received by the local governments. The direct/ indirect mobility of the material resources leads to the building of service's infrastructure, the appearance of new urban centers and industrial plants at the most backward places of Peru, where poverty and State absence are dominant characteristics.Taking into account the cultural realms of the rural societies in the high mountains of Peru, where most of the mining operations are located, and given the variety of resources mobilized by the mining operations, we may identify interacting cultural, economic, social and environmental spaces that define a complex relationship between man and his geographical settings.This paper offers a geographical approach, both from physical and cultural points of view, through descriptive models. The objective is to recognize sorne underlying dynamic components attached to each space directed to the management of the local and industrial development. This study is based on a research carried out during 2005 in a medium size mine in the Central Andes of Peru, above 4.200 meters of altitude, in the Huancavelica region. The social realm is made of traditional peasant communities, Quechua speakers who live in extreme socio-economic conditions.
The volume of human and economic as well as material resources put into action by the mining industry in rural spaces has given this industry the most powerful force to the diffusion of the industrial society in the traditional rural societies. The mobilized human resources include all levels, from high qualified executives to unqualified labor with low schooling level. The economic resources are of different types and are reflected in the circulation of goods, salaries, the changes in consumption patterns, and incomes received by the local governments. The direct/ indirect mobility of the material resources leads to the building of service's infrastructure, the appearance of new urban centers and industrial plants at the most backward places of Peru, where poverty and State absence are dominant characteristics.Taking into account the cultural realms of the rural societies in the high mountains of Peru, where most of the mining operations are located, and given the variety of resources mobilized by the mining operations, we may identify interacting cultural, economic, social and environmental spaces that define a complex relationship between man and his geographical settings.This paper offers a geographical approach, both from physical and cultural points of view, through descriptive models. The objective is to recognize sorne underlying dynamic components attached to each space directed to the management of the local and industrial development. This study is based on a research carried out during 2005 in a medium size mine in the Central Andes of Peru, above 4.200 meters of altitude, in the Huancavelica region. The social realm is made of traditional peasant communities, Quechua speakers who live in extreme socio-economic conditions.
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Geography, Mining And Hinterland Relationships, Management Of Development, Peasant Organizations, Relaciones Minería y Entorno, Gestión del Desarrollo, Organizaciones Campesinas
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