Una vez más sobre la noción de responsabilidad histórica en Humanismo y terror
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Abstract
En el presente trabajo, intentaremos volver sobre el problema de la evaluación histórico-política de la acción según Merleau-Ponty, a la luz de sus formulaciones en Humanismo y terror y de su reactualización, en los últimos años, por comentaristas como Alexandre Hubeny, Leonardo Eiff y Jérôme Melançon. Procuraremos aquí presentar algunos argumentos contra dos tesis merleaupontianas íntimamente relacionadas: la tesis de la evaluabilidad “objetiva” de las acciones, según la cual podría describirse el comportamiento de sujetos como constituyendo una “traición” o un “crimen” independientemente de cualquier atribución de intenciones a los agentes en cuestión y, más adelante, la tesis de la responsabilidad “objetiva” del propio agente, esto es, la afirmación según la cual los sujetos histórico-políticos pueden ser “responsables” o “culpables” por resultados de sus acciones que no hayan podido prever, o incluso sean exactamente opuestos a los que se proponían.
In the present work we try to return to the problem of Merleau-Ponty’s historic and political evaluation of action in the light of his accounts in Humanism and Terror and their updating in the last years by commentators such as Alexandre Hubeny, Leonardo Eiff and Jérôme Melançon. We will present some arguments against two very close related theses by Merleau-Ponty: that of the “objective” evaluation of action, which holds that the subject’s behavior can be described as constituting a “betrayal” or a “crime” independently of any attribution of intentions to the agents and the thesis of the “objective” responsibility of the agent, that is, the tenet that affirms that the historic and political subjects can be “responsible” or “guilty” for an outcome of their actions, that they cannot have foreseen or can be the exact opposite for what they intended.
In the present work we try to return to the problem of Merleau-Ponty’s historic and political evaluation of action in the light of his accounts in Humanism and Terror and their updating in the last years by commentators such as Alexandre Hubeny, Leonardo Eiff and Jérôme Melançon. We will present some arguments against two very close related theses by Merleau-Ponty: that of the “objective” evaluation of action, which holds that the subject’s behavior can be described as constituting a “betrayal” or a “crime” independently of any attribution of intentions to the agents and the thesis of the “objective” responsibility of the agent, that is, the tenet that affirms that the historic and political subjects can be “responsible” or “guilty” for an outcome of their actions, that they cannot have foreseen or can be the exact opposite for what they intended.
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Merleau-Ponty, Historia, Responsabilidad, Acción, Marxismo
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