Politai
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/184424
ISSN: 2219-4142
e-ISSN: 2415-2498
Politai: Revista de Ciencia Política es una publicación académica editada por la Asociación Civil Politai, formada por estudiantes y egresados de la especialidad de Ciencia Política y Gobierno de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Desde su fundación en 2009, la Asociación Civil Politai tiene como objetivo promover la disciplina de la ciencia política en el Perú y América Latina. Desde 2010, publica semestralmente investigaciones y trabajos académicos originales e inéditos a través de los números temáticos de su revista académica.
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Entrevista a Luis Fernando Llanos: “No contamos con un sistema de salud cohesionado; más bien, lo que tenemos es una suerte de collage”(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Retamozo Gonzales, Jennifer Rubi; Villarreal Urquizo, Kevin OscarNo presenta resumen.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La judicialización de los derechos reproductivos en perspectiva comparada: el Anticonceptivo Oral de Emergencia en Perú (2006-2009) y Chile (2007-2008)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Silva Andujar, Nicolás; Marrou Rivera, María José; Monzon, HadalyThis study examines the judicialization of reproductive rights in Peru and Chile, focusing on the influence of extralegal factors on judicial decisions related to the distribution of the Emergency Oral Contraceptive (EOC) during the periods 2006-2009 and 2007-2008, respectively. Through a comparative analysis, the study explores the impact of ideology, legal culture, and conservative social movements on judicial decision-making in both cases. The study concludes that these determinants, acting interdependently, function as causal mechanisms in judicial decision-making, explaining shifts in positions and arguments in both Chile and Peru. Additionally, the study highlights that the judicialization of emergency contraceptive methods has had both positive and negative impacts on women’s reproductive rights.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Alianzas Socio-Técnicas y Políticas de Medicamentos: perspectivas desde la crisis Argentina del 2001(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Santos, GuillermoThe aim of this article is to analyse the problem-solution dynamics linked to the availability of and access to medicines for the Argentine population as a result of the social, economic, political and health crisis that affected Argentina in 2001.It is interesting to analyse the scope, characteristics and limitations of the public policies implemented by the Argentinean government between 2002 and 2008, whose objectives were to solve the problem of the lack of access to medicines that affected the most vulnerable sectors of the Argentinean population.The analytical reconstruction of this socio-institutional dynamic will provide a better understanding of the process of co-construction of public policies, regulations, artefacts, economic interests, ideologies and inclusive techno-productive development dynamics, and will offer new explanations about the functioning/non-functioning of the public policies implemented to solve social problems linked to the population’s access to medicines.This article argues that public policy is not only the exercise of a vertical and centralised will, but rather the result of the alignment and coordination of a heterogeneous set of elements that are horizontally linked and that allow public policies to consolidate or destabilise.This article is framed within a socio-technical approach (Bijker, 1995; Pinch y Bijker, 2008; Thomas, 2008, Santos y Thomas, 2016), which combines analytical tools from constructivist sociology and public policy analysis. The descriptive and explanatory capacity of such an approach derives from the possibility of generating an analytical reconstruction of the complex relationships between users and tools, actors and artefacts, institutions and normative systems, ideologies and economic interests, where in the same act in which public policies are designed and implemented, legal-political orders, social organisations and techno-productive systems are constructed.Two key concepts guide the analysis of this article: ‘functioning/non-functioning’ and ‘socio-technical alliance’. The former is the result of a process of social and normative co-construction in which heterogeneous elements intervene, usually in a self-organised way: material conditions, systems, knowledge, regulations, financing, benefits, etc. It involves complex processes of tailoring responses/solutions to specific and particular historically situated socio-institutional articulations. The second concept, the socio-technical alliance, is an analytical reconstruction of a coalition of heterogeneous elements involved in the process of constructing the functioning/non-functioning of a public policy. In other words, a socio-technical alliance constitutes a movement of alignment and coordination of: artefacts, ideologies, regulations, knowledge, institutions, social actors, economic resources, environmental conditions, materials, etc. that make possible or impede the stabilisation of the socio-technical adequacy of a policy and its functioning.Ítem Texto completo enlazado ¿Promesa incumplida?: Prevalencia y factores determinantes de la anemia infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Salazar Zapata, PamelaAnemia is a global public health issue exacerbated by economic, social, and cultural inequalities. This disorder increases childhood morbidity and mortality, adversely affecting short- and long-term health and quality of life. This study aims to identify determinants of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Peru, segmented across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Logistic and normal models are employed using data from the National Demographic Health Survey (ENDES) 2018-2023. Findings indicate that maternal anemia, fever, and diarrhea increase the likelihood of childhood anemia prevalence during all three study periods.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Aprendizaje de políticas y COVID-19: La experiencia de vacunación en países latinoamericanos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Paz-Gómez, Diana MarcelaThis article analyses policy learning processes in decision-making during the process of vaccination against COVID-19, defined in two phases: vaccine procurement and vaccination campaigns, in Latin American countries. On the one hand, it is argued that some of the strategies implemented are explained through policy diffusion mechanisms. Among these, we can consider the definition of priority population groups or the implementation of doses through COVAX. Other measures derive from the operational capacities previously created by governments, such as the deployment of mobile, cross-border or awareness-raising vaccination and health campaigns to address previous infections in the region. Methodologically, a descriptive review of the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain is proposed based on institutional information. In addition, reflections are made on the need for governments to acquire knowledge from their own or others’ experiences to strengthen the health system in the region.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Servicios de salud mental para la población en movilidad. Las limitaciones del sector público, privado y de la sociedad civil en México(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Saavedra, Nayelhi; Galván Reyes, Jorge; Alanís, SarahíThe strategies implemented by the State to provide mental health services to the mobile population have been weak and discontinuous. One of the reasons is the reduced budget assigned to infrastructure and human resources in the public health sector. So far, the task has fallen directly to civil society organizations (CSO), associations and international agencies (IA), and indirectly to financiers. However, because of limitations and dynamics of all of them, the services they offer fail to satisfy the care needs of migrants. The aim of the study is to know who offer mental health services, how do they offer it, and to understand the factors which are underneath that restrict supply of services. This is a descriptive exploratory research. We use a qualitative methodology. From 2019 to 2023, we conducted 81 interviews with members of CSO, associations, IA and personnel from government agencies, in places where important flows of migrants converge: CDMX, Tijuana, and towns in three states, Morelos, Hidalgo and Michoacán. We realized that the obstacles identified by the participants are related to public policies and financing, the human resources available in CSO, and the material, administrative and human resources in the public sector. The issue underlying the limitations is the lack of explicit regulations and the hidden norms that shape any actions of public sector staff, CSO and IA, as well as funders.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Estrategias para el control del dengue en las áreas urbanas de Lima: un estudio de incidencia en Lima Sur y Lima Norte(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-06) Bocanegra Morales, Cristian Omar; Flores Coapaza, Paul AlexandroThe article examines the issue of dengue within the Peruvian context, with a particular focus on the urban areas of Lima Sur and Lima Norte, regions notable for their high incidence of cases and their significance in the country’s epidemiological landscape. The research employs a mixed methodology, combining quantitative analysis of epidemiological data with qualitative perspectives derived from public health studies. The results reveal a high incidence of dengue in these areas, highlighting the urgent need for more effective measures to control its spread.The study utilizes quantitative data on dengue incidence and prevalence, obtained from health records and epidemiological reports, and conducts a qualitative analysis to identify the environmental, socioeconomic, and health-related factors contributing to the disease’s spread. Factors such as limited access to basic services and environmental conditions conducive to mosquito vector proliferation are emphasized.Additionally, the article proposes the implementation of advanced technologies, such as chatbots, through a strategic approach based on the theory of change. This approach aims not only to mitigate the spread of dengue through early diagnosis and community education but also to improve the quality of life for affected communities. The integration of these technologies is intended to optimize the health system’s response, reduce the burden on traditional medical services, and promote a more effective and sustainable management of the disease.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Acoso sexual callejero como límite del ejercicio de la ciudadanía femenina: un análisis desde el pluralismo normativo y la necesidad de promover una ciudadanía diferenciada a partir del caso Villa El Salvador(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-29) Basurto Basurto, Telma LuciaSexual street harassment is one of the most normalized types of gender violence in Peruvian society; however, little has been explored about its impact on the exercise of female citizenship. Using the case study of Villa El Salvador as a starting point, we analyse how this type of violence impacts on the capacity for agency of Salvadoran villa women, taking into account the parameters of Dhal's normative pluralism, which establishes minimum democratic conditions such as the possibility of (i) formulating preferences, (ii) publicly expressing preferences, and (iii) being treated equally in the political system. Finally, when contrasting the parameters established by Dhal with the exercise of citizenship by Salvadoran Villa women, it can be seen that although Salvadoran Villa women recognize the existence of sexual street harassment as a barrier to exercising their citizenship, they understand it as a "necessary evil to be overcome" if political representation in the political system of Villa El Salvador is their objective.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Concertación para la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres en el distrito de Villa El Salvador 2019-2021(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-29) Reyes Allpoc, Karla PaulaThis study critically analyzes the strategies implemented by the District Coordination Instance (IDC) of Villa El Salvador to prevent, sanction, and eradicate violence against women. It employs a mixed approach, combining qualitative documentary analysis and interviews with key actors, with a quantitative component through a Likert questionnaire applied to IDC members. Its objectives are: a) To analyze the IDC's intersectoral management model against gender-based violence, b) To identify management tools and concrete actions developed, and c) To evaluate the impact of the participation of women's organizations. Tools such as district plans have enabled the implementation of local public policies, while training programs have strengthened capacities and promoted cultural changes.The study concludes that the IDC has consolidated an effective model based on intersectoral articulation, active participation of actors, and empowerment of women's organizations, contributing to more equitable and violence-free societies. This experience sets a valuable precedent as a model for other similar instances.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La importancia de vivir en polis desde la escuela: ¿cómo hacerlo?(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-29) Lucchetti Campos, SaraThis article is grounded in qualitative research conducted for my undergraduate thesis, focusing on the "Comprehensive Happy Schools (CHS)" model based on UNICEF's Child-Friendly Schools approach. This research identifies the factors that foster authentic engagement within the Educational Institution (EI), considering its role in citizen formation. In this context, the concept of authentic engagement is defined, along with the essential factors for its promotion, and the means to cultivate a community perspective at the local level through the exploration of public matters. I reference living in Polis because the premise is rooted in the understanding that we exist within an ecosystem requiring the alignment of social imaginaries that enable viewing the student as a political entity. The EI holds a significant responsibility in addressing environmental issues. This approach aims for students to adopt a critical perspective and engage democratically. It is noteworthy that the EI is not isolated; within the ecosystem, other entities like the Local Government are equally significant. Ultimately, its reading sheds light on the challenges and windows of opportunity for designing Local Educational Projects and the role of the Ministry of Education in that process. It addresses normative challenges and weaknesses in involving all educational stakeholders in support of students' civic education. Lastly, it examines the sustainability of experiences such as the CHS model.