(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Cendón, Maria Laura; Bruno, Mariana Paola; Lacaze, María Victoria; Molpeceres, María Celeste; Zulaica, María Laura
The COVID-19 pandemic strengthened the discussion around the hegemonic global food model. At the same time, it gave rise to the proliferation of innovative rural-periurban-urban interactions in the supply of cities, which have accounted for changes in the social relations of production, circulation, and consumption of food. There are different approaches that refer to these processes, and introduce concepts such as short supply chains and alternative food networks. However, there are no definitions accepted universally by the scientific community. Similarly, there is no conceptualization at the local level that would enable a systematization of experiences. In the light of this, an opportunity to reflect critically and propose a contextualized conceptualization has been opened up. The aim of this article is to conceptualize the term short food supply chain and the construction of a typology for the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This work was based on a bibliographic review and the identification of different dimensions to formulate a definition that allows the systematization of experiences, their characterization, quantification, and consequent visibility. This way, material will be generated for the development of public policies aiming at strengthening the sector.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Roa, María Luz; Hirsch, Mercedes; Barés, Aymará Daniela
In this article we problematize the notion of roots from the perspectives of young people in post-pandemic rural Argentina, focusing on the somatic and symbolic ways in which young people inhabit rural worlds. We wonder about the ways of inhabiting rural youth today, as well as the constitution of youth identities linked to symbols, aesthetics and rural corporalities. For this, we present a comparative analysis of two cases of young people who live in scattered rural areas of the northeast and Argentine Patagonia. We consider information from two qualitative investigations that combine the use of interviews, observations, and workshops with young people. The analysis is organized in three dimensions. In the first place, we characterize the future projects of young people and the carnal and digit-carnal youth displacements and spatialities between the countryside, the city and the town. Secondly, we wonder about the somatics of rooting and uprooting from a phenomenological perspective, contemplating emotive, practical, and performative ways of inhabiting the territories and the indigenous and mestizo selves. Based on these indications, we finally propose a definition of rural youth as interstitial youth.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Silva, Anderson Antonio; Tartalha Nascimento Lombardi, Thais; Wylk, José
This article contributes to the current debate on the violation of human rights through the practice of green grabbing. The study reflects upon the situation of territorial insecurity and the struggle for territorial rights of the Akroá Gamela people, who live in the south of the State of Piauí, characterized by what is called here weak land governance. The indigenous territory studied does not have its homologation process finalized, which means that it does not officially exist, nor does it allow its boundaries to be added to most of the official databases of different governmental spheres. The region where the Akroá Gamela people are located is also situated within an area of advancing agricultural frontier known as Matopiba, located in the Cerrado area, the second largest biome in Brazil and South America. The main goal is to think on how green grabbing wickedly uses legal problems of communication between entities and governance to foster deforestation. To do so, we analyze two land regulation tools: the Rural and Environmental Registration (CAR) and the Vegetation Suppression Authorization (ASV), to understand this process of traditional population and peasants' land rights encroachment.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Toledo-López, Virginia Belén; Schmidt, Mariana Andrea; Ayrala Quiroga, Marina
In Argentina, the provinces of Córdoba, Salta and Santiago del Estero are cases of great importance in the context of agribusiness expansion, due to the spectacular loss of biodiversity, the frequent territorial conflicts carried out by indigenous peoples and peasants and, more recently, against the use of agrochemicals and their consequences on human and non-human health. This article aims to make visible some of the emerging experiences in the territories under study as transition initiatives, with special emphasis on the construction of resistances and alternatives.To this end, we address the main irruptions of agribusiness in the Chaco's web of life (understood as agrohydrobusiness, given the centrality assumed by the dispute over water resources in this region), considering its territorial, environmental and health consequences, to then analyze the main forms assumed by resistances and re-existences. The methodological proposal focuses on simultaneous work with different information construction and analysis techniques, such as: systematization and analysis of multiple secondary sources (journalists, statistics, legislation, reports from state and/or private organizations, among others), along with field records and in-depth interviews.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Carmona Motolinia, José Ramón; Tetreault, Darcy
Based on an analysis of the struggles of the Nahua peoples of Milpa Alta in Mexico City, this article addresses the following question: How has it been possible to conserve large extensions of forest and agricultural land in a demarcation that is part of one of the largest cities in the world, in rapid expansion since the middle of the last century? The explanation articulates two key categories: reconfigured communality in Milpa Alta through historical struggles that continue to unfold to date; and the social metabolism of human-nature exchanges mediated by the work of various agencies, whose projects come into conflict at different times. We argue that the re-creation of indigenous forms of organization and collective practices have made it possible to curb the extraction of raw materials (wood and water) and land-use change for development projects promoted by government agencies and private companies; in addition to contributing to the conservation of small-scale agricultural practices. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews that were carried out between 2016 and 2020 with inhabitants of Milpa Alta and on a systematic review of bibliographic, newspaper, statistical, and online sources.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Ramirez, Delia Concepción
This article is a systematization of the experience of an emblematic organization for family farmers in the Alto Paraná region of Misiones: Independent Producers of Piray (PIP), in the Union of Land Workers (UTT). The analysis has been carried out considering two articulated dimensions a) the collective organizational actions linked to the conditions of possibility, which in turn are permeated by conjunctural influences, and b) the trajectories and biographies of individual actors that account for the local history of the territory. This articulation has made it possible to analyze the political practices imbricated in the strategies of social reproduction. This systematization arises from the need to reconstruct a local history based on reflections within the framework of ethnographic involvement. The main contribution of the text lies in the identification of the reciprocities established around neighborhood and kinship, without which the political action of organized producers and the subsistence of the local population could not be understood.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Motta, Renatta; Teixeira, Marco Antonio
The Marcha das Margaridas is a coalition of women and feminism movements, agrarian movements, trade unions, and international organizations that emerged in 2000. Women’s organizations that are part of a rural trade federation lead the process. While its initial agenda included gendered class-based demands for the recognition of women’s work in food production, access to land titles and labour rights, the Marcha das Margaridas progressively incorporated other topics, such as agroecology and food sovereignty. The article addresses three questions: How did food sovereignty enter their agenda? What is the meaning of food sovereignty for them? How can food sovereignty be understood from a (popular) feminist perspective? Based on an analysis of the political documents, we identified five main themes in the discourse of the Marcha das Margaridas on food sovereignty: 1) food as a right and a common; 2) state support for women’s food production; 3) the value of uncommodified food work; 4) environmental recovery through agroecology; 5) violence-free food, produced through respectful social relations.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-12) Hernández Rodríguez, Carol
Peasant agriculture and its agrobiodiversity systems are at a juncture in which two global processes impose significant challenges for their sustainability: climate change and the expansion of agricultural biotechnology supported by a regimen of intellectual property rights over plant genetic resources. In this article, I explore some potential risks these global processes impose on peasant agriculture, particularly on their seed systems. We analyze how, in response, peasant communities have increasingly mobilized around two converging political agendas, seed sovereignty and climate justice. In addition to the political achievements confronting some of the great biotechnology and corporate developments in the context of climate change, community peasant actions implemented to protect and defend their seeds directly contribute to reaffirming peasant seeds as part of peoples’ commons and preserving the diversity of the plant genetic resources hold in their hands, which may be vital for the adaptation of peasant food systems to future climate scenarios.
