Anthropologica. Vol. 35 Núm. 39 (2017)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/178849
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Jóvenes, Interculturalidad y Educación Superior
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Interculturalidad en Salud: Reflexiones a partir de una Experiencia Indígena en la Amazonia Peruana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Cárdenas, Cynthia Giovanna; Pesantes, María Amalia; Rodríguez, AlfredoThis article examines the main characteristics of the proposal on interculturality developed by an indigenous Amazonian organization of Peru for the training of indigenous youth as nurse technicians in intercultural health. It shows how the Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle (Aidesep) appropriates the concept of interculturality, reconfigures and reconstructs it. Based on internal documents, institutional publications, testimonies of graduates of the intercultural health program, leaders and members of the technical team of the Indigenous Health Program of AIDESEP, we analyze the construction and implementation of the concept of interculturality. We also examin the way in which an indigenous organization becomes a proponent of interculturality, building an indigenous response for the training of health professionals prepared to provide culturally appropriate health services to the indigenous population. The proposal for the training of nurse technicians in intercultural health shows that it is possible for critical interculturality to move from discourse to practice when indigenous peoples develop their own intercultural proposals.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Educación Superior para indígenas de la Amazonía peruana: balance y desafíos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Espinosa, OscarIn the last decades, an important discussion has been developed in Latin America about the access of indigenous students to higher-education institutions and about the creation of intercultural universities. This article specifically revises the different types of experiences of higher-education offered to the indigenous youth of the Peruvian Amazon region, and it builds on information gathered throughout the last decade of following and studying these experiences. The article begins with a discussion of the programs for bilingual teachers, which has been the prioritized form of access to higher education offered to the indigenous peoples. Then it analyzes different cases of affirmative action programs promoted by the Peruvian State and Peruvian universities, such as quotas and special scholarship programs. Finally, it presents the case of the intercultural universities, most of which have been created only a few years ago, and it discusses their real possibilities of becoming an alternative form of engaging with intercultural education.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Educación Superior y pueblos indígenas: marcos nacionales para contextualizar las experiencias del dossier(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Olivera Rodríguez, Inés; Dietz, GuntherIn order to provide a contextual frame to understand and to compare the experiences analyzed in this issue, this introductory text presents the situation indigenous youth is facing in higher education in Mexico and Peru. This contextual presentation has been shaped by our conviction that what has been achieved is a result of a larger process of indigenous struggles and claims, their translation into public policy and its implementation inside higher education institutions. Accordingly, this text introduces the cases of Mexico and Peru through two dimensions: the emergence of the specific claims, on the one hand, and the respective construction of intercultural higher education for indigenous people, on the other hand.Ítem Texto completo enlazado ¿Qué distingue a los "profesionistas interculturales"? Reflexiones sobre las experiencias de egresados y egresadas de la Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Hernández Loeza, Sergio EnriqueA little more than ten years after the emergence of Intercultural Universities (UIs) in Mexico, their graduates begin to perform professionally in various spaces. Based on interviews with graduates of the Intercultural University of the State of Puebla, I analyze the tensions they face in a labor market characterized by precarization and insecurity, while seeking to identify the elements that distinguish them as «intercultural professionals». I conclude that the educational model of the UIs linked to the General Coordination of Intercultural and Bilingual Education promotes the formation of professionals capable of carrying out strategies to visualize cultural and linguistic diversity, but not necessarily with the intention of questioning or transforming the dominant political-economic system. Likewise, the labor spaces that are created or occupied by these new professionals are identified, as well as the «epistemic frictions» that they face when trying to enter the world of work, which are manifested in the way in which their decision-making is inserted in a conflict between dedicating their efforts to satisfy their personal needs and aspirations, or prioritizing work for the benefit of their community; all in a context of high rates of precarious work.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Saberes escolares y estrategias interculturales en estudiantes y egresados del Instituto Intercultural Ñöñho(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Mira Tapia, AlejandroThis article is based on a two-year ethnographic research that analyzes the process of professionalization and community work experiences of students and graduates of the Instituto Intercultural Ñöñho (IIÑ), a small indigenous university located in the ñöñho (otomí) region of the southern Mexican state of Querétaro. Among the main findings it presents that these actors collectively build and display a set of intercultural strategies (Bertely, 1997) to intervene in three issues: (i) the local socio-economic marginalization conditions, (ii) the cultural and language shift, (iii) and the violence within the socialization spaces of the youths.; all these through the sociocultural application of their academic knowledge. Firstly, this study puts in historical perspective the different paths of indigenous professionalization that have existed in the Mexican context. Subsequently, it offers a contextualization of the IIÑ and of the pedagogical profile of its degree program in Solidarity Economics. Finally, it describes the intercultural strategies produced by the students and graduates from this indigenous university, departing from the assertion of their own ethnicity within their schooling process.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Formación universitaria intercultural para indígenas mayas de Yucatán, México(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Rosado-May, Francisco JavierThis work presents important decisions made during the implementationof the intercultural educational model at the UniversidadIntercultural Maya de Quintana Roo, Mexico, in a context of povertyand conditions of lagging behind the rest of the society of theindigenous Yucatec Maya population. Within the legal frameworkof public universities in Mexico, the financing of projects, thedeveloping of intercultural pedagogy and designing the institutionalsettings, rested on elements that included learning/transmission andconstruction/innovation of knowledge that combined aspects of thelocal culture with conventional education. High figures on indicatorssuch as retention, graduation rate, employability, and quality ofthe academic programs, along with opinions from alumni, achievedduring the period of February 2007 to February 2015, indicate thatthe decisions and actions taken in the beginning of the constructionof the intercultural model at UIMQRoo, were in the right direction.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Nuevos escenarios, nuevas propuestas, otras actoras: licenciadas indígenas y la Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Olivera Rodríguez, InésThis article discusses the emergence of new actors among graduate students in Mexico, specifically of indigenous graduate women, who are one of the results of an educational model that intends to question the prevailing developmental logic. It describes and analyzes the role of intercultural higher education policies as catalyst for an emerging professional profile that is having important impacts in building new family, community and regional relations. Through the discussion of these policies, their origins, limits and possibilities, this paper focuses on the specific proposal of the Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural (UVI). It also examines the life experiences of five UVI female graduates, and concentrates in one case in which her trajectory is compared to the life experiences of her own mother, grandmother and great-grandmother. Through these cases, the paper seeks to identify the ways in which the UVI contributes to the constitution of these new female actors.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Las voces de los conocedores y conocedoras de los pueblos originarios en la formación docente(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Trapnell, LucyDuring the last decades the need to question the way in which knowledge is constructed as well as its relation with power issues has come forward. An important innovation in some teacher training colleges and conventional universities is the redefinition of the teaching staff. They have included indigenous elders as an attempt to open higher education to the inclusion of new actors and new voices. However, in this article I argue that the participation of indigenous elders in teacher training processes, does not necessarily guarantee the development of practises that will highlight the existence of ways of thinking alternative to hegemonic knowledge nor the multiple ways in which knowledge is produced. For this to happen consciousness must be gained regarding the complex relations between knowledge and power, and the way in which it is expressed in higher education in general and in specific academic spaces. Drawing from the experience of the Teacher Training Programme of the Peruvian Amazon (Formabiap), which I have accompanied during the last 29 years, I sustain my argument with information gained through my direct experience with the Programme and from documents, studies and internal and external evaluations of its process.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Experiencias de Jóvenes Indígenas en la Licenciatura en Educación Indígena, México. Identidad y profesionalización(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Santana Colin, YasmaniThis paper aims to contribute, on the one hand, to the discussion of the homogeneous image that is constructed regarding who we are, indigenous students; and on the other, to the knowledge of the challenges that we, indigenous youth, face in academic programs. I present the formative experiences of young men and women from different indigenous groups who attended the Indigenous Education Program at the National Pedagogical University - Ajusco Unit in Mexico city. I use interviews with graduates from the 2007-2011 cohort -of which I was part- to discuss what it means to be an indigenous student at the university, what their main problems and expectations are through their training, how they are seen in their communities of origin after becoming professionals, and if their access to the university caused loss of cultural identity. Methodologically, this research was carried out in the frame of collaborative work or dialogical research. Being part of this generation helped me to have the dialogues addressing the issues mentioned above.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Chichinmanum Weamu: Bienestar de los estudiantes awajún en la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2017-12-15) Hidalgo Bonicelli, AlejandraThis article analyzes if life conditions in the National University of the Peruvian Amazon assured six young Awajun their well-being. It ponders several questions; what is the emic meaning of being well?, Could young migrants satisfy their socio-economic and affective needs?, which are the strategies used to perform as students? To answer these questions, a qualitative methodology and different ethnographic techniques such as interviews, focus groups, observations and life stories were used. And different actors such as student colleagues, teachers, university authorities, were observed and interviewed. The expression chichinmanum weamu, translated from Awajún as going against the current, describes a situation that many young natives who try to become graduates go through. Young Awajun thought that being good meant having all the basic services, goods and resources needed to develop as students, which also implied having fluid relationships with peers and teachers. The study reached the conclusion that young Awajun were not entirely satisfied. However, the social capital developed through the Student Organization of the Indigenous Peoples of the Peruvian Amazon did ensure their survival in Iquitos.