Revista de Psicología. Vol. 40 Núm. 2 (2022)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/193450
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Aplicación del método de entrevista transformada en la investigación de delitos sexuales en Ucrania(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Ivanchenko, Andreyanna; Safin, Oleksandr; Timchenko, Oleksander; Khrystenko, VitaliiThe crime detection of sexual violence needs to be optimized and improved. This study aims to substantiate, elaborate, and apply in practice the method of a transformed interview (based on mathematical modeling) to obtain information about sexual violence. For the first time the transformed-interview method was used while studying the hidden (latent) victims of sexual violence who do not want to report a crime to law enforcement agencies because they do not want the fact of violence against them to be made public. Participated 2570 Ukrainian women of different social status, 16-35 years old. It was found that the increase of intermediaries during the information transmission reduces reliability of the information about crimes against the person’s sexual inviolability. While investigating such types of crimes the needed information can be obtained with a higher degree of reliability not from the victim, but from her closest surroundings. The transformed-interview method proved to be an effective tool to extract the information related to the behavior of both the offender and his victim. This method shows reliability and makes it possible to reduce the latency of most crimes in the situation of the victim’s refusal to testify at the re-trial investigation.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La aproximación al aprendizaje importa en la predicción del logro académico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Assis Gomes, Cristiano Mauro; Blesa Farias, Heitor; Galinkin Jelihovschi, EnioMeta-analyses show that the correlations of approaches to learning with academic achievement are low. However, only one study has controlled these correlations in the presence of intelligence. Our study investigates the incremental validity of the surface and deep approaches taking cognitive abilities as control and applied the multiple linear regression and CART regression tree method in a diversified sample of high school students from Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found a prediction of 20.37% and 35.20% of the outcome variance, through the linear regression and CART, respectively. Our results show that although cognitive abilities are more important than students’ approaches, the approaches have incremental validity and important roles as predictors of academic achievement.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Bullying y cyberbullying: intervenciones realizadas en el contexto escolar(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Tristão, Laura Aparecida; Iossi Silva, Marta Angelica; De Oliveira, Wanderlei Abadio; Dos Santos, Daniel; Da Silva, Jorge LuizThere are gaps concerning the dissemination of school-based antibullying interventions in the Latin American context. For this reason, the objective was to conduct a systematic literature review to analyze the results of initiatives intended to prevent or decrease the occurrence of bullying and cyberbullying. A bibliographic search was conducted in LILACS, PsycINFO, SciELO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Only school-based randomized clinical trials conducted were included. Nine studies classified as having high methodological quality were included. This review synthesizes knowledge reported by studies conducted in various countries and clarifies the limitations and contributions of experimental programs focused on students, parents, and school staff, enabling reflections regarding future interventions.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Clima escolar y factores asociados: modelo predictivo de ecuaciones estructurales(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Cuadra-Martínez, David; Pérez-Zapata, Daniel; Sandoval-Díaz, José; Rubio-González, JuanThe aim of this work was to propose a latent equation model that structures the relationship between academic engagement, schadenfreude and prosocial behavior on the school climate. We used a cross-sectional design and 437 secondary students from Chile were recruited. School Climate Scale, Engagement UWES-S 9, School Prosocial Behavior Inventory and Schadenfreude scale were administered. Factor analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to analysis data. After fitting two models for our data and contrasting them with theoretical literature, we found that school climate was affected directly by school engagement and prosocial behavior. Academic engagement positive affects, direct and indirectly, the school climate. An increase in academic engagement also lowers the levels of schadenfreude and causes an increase in the levels of prosocial behaviour. Results are discussed and possible implications are highlighted, considering limitations and suggestions that might guide practical interventions on school climate.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Competencias socioemocionales y resiliencia de estudiantes de escuelas vulnerables y su relación con el rendimiento académico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Suárez Cretton, Ximena; Castro Méndez, NelsonThe study is situated in the sociocultural context of the vulnerability of the child population of the Araucanía region, which characterizes it as one of the poorest regions of Chile and with lower indicators of educational level. The purpose is to explore the level of development of socio-emotional skills and their relationship with academic performance. The variables to be investigated are the potential for socio-emotional adaptation and the capacity for childhood resilience, and their relationship with school performance. The sample consisted of children 718 from 5th to 8th grade of basic education of vulnerable municipal schools in the province of Malleco. The collection of information was carried out using two instruments: The School Resilience Scale (ERE) of Saavedra y Castro (2008); the Socio-Emotional Adaptation Questionnaire for Schoolchildren, validated in Chile by Mathiesen, Merino; Castro, Mora and Navarro (2011). The results obtained reveal a good level of development of the social-emotional and resilience skills in children, and a positive correlation of these with academic performance. The good level of socio-emotional variables in students connotes a protective factor of mental health, a resource to compensate for the effects of vulnerability and a potential to be used to improve academic performance. Confirm the relevance of the intervention in socio-emotional skills.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Encelar(se), ¿una experiencia femenina? dilemas narcisos desde la perspectiva interseccional del género(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Campos Guimarães, Maisa; Zanello, ValeskaJealousy permeates affective relationships, becoming a subjective, relational and sociocultural phenomenon. In an intersectional reading of gender and race, the loving device is pointed out as central to the subjectivation of women. This qualitative research aimed to understand how women name, mean and deal with their own and / or love partners jealousy. Narrative interviews were conducted with 12 women, in hetero-affective relationships, with complaints about jealousy. By content analysis, the categories were organized between received jealousy (Being the “chosen one”; Normal vs. abnormal jealousy; Women´s self-responsibility and Men´s lack of responsibility) and sense (“Risk” of being abandoned, Jealous: from insecure to crazy?; Female rivalry exacerbated by racial and aesthetic dilemmas). Intersectional readings of emotionalities revealed how jealousy interpellates gendrized and racialized narcissistic dilemmas.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Estrategias de aprendizaje utilizadas por estudiantes de primaria en proceso de alfabetización(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Mello, Fabiane de Oliveira; Zedu Alliprandini, Paula MarizaThe general objective of this research was to verify and analyze qualitatively the repertoire of learning strategies used by students with and without learning difficulties under literacy process. Eight 8-year-old students participated in the research, being four from the Regular Education Classroom and four from the Resource Room. It was applied, individually, a semi-structured interview. The results evidenced higher frequency in the use of cognitive strategies and differences between both students’ groups regarding the use of cognitive and resource administration strategies. The dysfunctional strategies showed themselves with higher frequency by the students from the Resource Room. It is suggested that the teachers improve their knowledge on learning strategies, in order to enable their students a more meaningful and autonomous learning.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Estrés, evaluación cognitiva y burnout en técnicos sociales de casas de acogida(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Rocha, Diana; Rui Gomes, António; Costa Figueiredo, Ana CristinaStress and burnout are global epidemics that may cause negative consequences for workers and organizations. Social workers of residential child care are especially at risk, due to the inherent characteristics of their work. Subsequently, this study aimed to analyse these professional’s stress, cognitive appraisal, and burnout. The sample included 92 social workers (90.2% female and 9.8% male) with ages between 25 and 64 years old (M = 38.08; SD = 7.91). The evaluation protocol included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Stress Questionnaire for Health Professionals, the Primary and Secondary Cognitive Appraisal Scale, and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results indicated that 58% of professionals assumed high levels of general stress, and that physical fatigue and cognitive weariness were the burnout dimensions with higher values. The combination of sociodemographic variables, stress factors and cognitive appraisal were important to explain the burnout experience and can contribute to design interventions directed to these professionals.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Falla creativa en la publicidad: influencias en el proceso creativo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Simi dos Santos, Silvia Spagnol; Da Silva, Maroni; Grabowski Aoki, Vanessa CristinaThis study investigates creativity and the creative process in Advertising Agencies in Brazil. The objective was to identify how the Copywriter and the Art Director operate strategies aimed at brainstorming in the ideation of advertising campaigns to reach insight. A qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews designed based on the literature, applied to advertising who work in the areas. The study of Multiple Cases was used being the analysis of the collected data elaborated through the technique of content analysis based on Bardin (2010) and structured in the ATLAS.ti software. The findings reveal that in the Creativity dimension, copywriters and art directors perceive a strong influence from auditory and visual sources. In the Creative Process dimension, the findings indicate that the traditional steps instituted in the department are recurrent in the search for references and the influencing factors of the creative process mirror creativity. The Brainstorming dimension and tool prevails as the main technique in agencies, and Insight is dependent on the problem established in the briefing. The findings indicate that there are connections between dimensions and reflect the profile of contemporary creative immersed in technologies and at the same time dependent on traditional forms of advertising creation.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Una forma visual de representar la validez de contenido y las propiedades de los ítems(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Sánchez-Mendoza, Vanessa; Soriano-Ayala, Encarnación; Vallejo-Medina, PabloThe purpose of this instrumental study was to show how to conduct an RStudio process to obtain a content validity visual representation through the alluvial function of the ggplot2 package to Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale (This paper explains the stages to analyze content validity using a visual representation of an interrater agreement and item – factor belonging and focused mainly on qualitative aspects to evaluate the judge’s behavior and items’ weight. Furthermore, the paper discusses classical criteria to obtain content validity and its representation. The visual representation used shows high relevance to present the qualitative data associated with the content validity analysis since it allows to visualize in a differential way the weight of the dimensions in each item, the content validity coefficient in the set of dimensions, and the behavior of the judges in the overall evaluation of the scale.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Identidad nacional y aprecio por prácticas sostenibles en emprendedores sociales y comerciales de Lima(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Vera Ruiz, Angela; Espinosa Pezzia, Agustín; Prialé Valle, María Angela; Llanco Gonzales, CesarThis comparative-correlational study aims to analyze and compare the relationship between appreciation for sustainable practices (APS) and national identity in two groups of social (n=135) and commercial (n=198) entrepreneurs in Lima-Peru. The results show that social entrepreneurs have higher APS and perceive Peruvians as warmer, more competent, and more moral than commercial entrepreneurs. Self-stereotype of competence and identification with the country explain APS significantly only significant in commercial entre-preneurs. The study analyzes little-explored psychosocial variables for the entrepreneurial phenomenon, proposing strategies to improve sustainability activities in entrepreneurs who do not have a explicit social orientation.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Mediación en la enseñanza de adición y sustracción en Perú y Colombia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Santana Espitia, Ana Cristina; Herrera Rojas, Aura Nidia; Fajardo Santamaría, Jesús ArmandoThis study investigates three facets of teacher mediation: a) The sensitivity to the needs of the student with difficulty (perceived difficulty), b) The way to organize activities and experiences that encourage learning and c) The ability to institute tasks with diverse levels of complexity (instituted difficulty). The Test for Assessment of Instituted Difficulty in Situations of Addition and Subtraction (DISAS) (Santana & Herrera, 2017) was applied to 20 Peruvian and 20 Colombian teachers from 1st to 5th grade of elementary school, who described their way of orienting students with difficulty to add and subtract. The results obtained suggest that the cultural environment is important in the organization of the teacher’s activity when teaching these operations.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Modelo de predicción de la demencia en adultos mayores de 60 años(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Santacruz Ortega, María del Pilar; Cobo Charry, María Fernanda; Avendaño-Prieto, Bertha Lucía; Mejía Arango, SilviaIn order to determine the contribution of the sociodemographic, psychosocial and health variables to a prediction model of dementia in the elderly population, a secondary analysis was carried out with the data from the “Health, Well-being and Aging. Bogotá, 2012”, with 2000 men and women over 60 years of age from urban and rural areas of Bogotá. To select the sample, a probabilistic, multistage, conglomerate and stratified sampling was carried out, based on the 2005 National Census. The SABE questionnaire adapted for Colombia was used. According to the level of measurement of each variable and the distribution of the data, univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed, with dementia as a criterion variable and sociodemographic and health variables as predictors; 30 variables were included. It was found that 40.1% of the variance of dementia is explained by age, educational and socioeconomic level, hypertension, stroke, depression, motor dysfunction, hip fracture, comparative health, robbery victim, alcohol consumption, memory, memory self-report and comparative memory. The findings offer a statistical model that allows the detection of risk factors for dementia and the analysis of the potentially modifiable ones for its prevention.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Prevalencia del flourishing en adolescentes argentinos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Rizzo, Ignacio Andrés; Góngora, Vanesa C.The aim of this study is to describe the levels of mental health from the dual factor model in a sample of Argentine adolescents in psychological treatment and in a sample of students. The samples included 552 young people between 12 and 18 years old. The SCL-90-R and the MHC-SF questionnaires were used. The flourishing levels were 31.6% in the sample under psychological treatment and 29% in the student sample. Most of adolescents in both samples fell into the moderate mental health category (treatment 57.9% vs student 59.5%). Between both samples, no significant differences were found in levels of mental health. The flourishing levels were low compared to other countries.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoritarismo de Derechas en población colombiana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) García-Sánchez, Efraín; Molina-Valencia, Nelson; Buitrago, Estefanía; Ramírez, Valentina; Sanz, Zabdi; Tello, AndrésThis article presents the adaptation of a reduced version of the Right-wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA) in Colombia. In Study 1 (n=417) it was performed an exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions of the scale; in Study 2 (n=396), it was performed a confirmatory factor analysis and tested the divergent/convergent validity of the scale. The results suggest that the RWA has three dimensions: authoritarian- aggression, authoritarian-submission, and conventionalism. Additionally, RWA was positively associated with: social dominance, dehumanization of the adversary, armed conflict support, patriotism, sexism, homophobia, and the prohibition of progressive social policies (e.g., abortion, homosexual marriage, euthanasia). Empirical evidence is provided in favor of appropriate psychometric properties for the RWA scale in the Colombian context.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Sobredotación y TDAH: una revisión sistemática de la literatura(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Soares Coutinho-Souto, Waleska Karinne; De Souza Fleith, DeniseThe purpose of this study was to examine the scientific production of empirical articles regarding twice exceptionality – giftedness/ADHD – through a systematic review. The search was carried out in the Portal de Periódicos Capes, SciELO, and PePSIC databases, considering the publications between 2011 and 2021. The terms giftedness, high abilities, ADHD, twice exceptionality, and their counterparts in Portuguese were used as descriptors. We selected 27 articles based on pre-established inclusion criteria. Six categories of studies were identified: socio-emotional factors, interpersonal relationships, identification, inattention and hyperactivity, intelligence quotient, and educational support practices. The conclusion was that by having their individual needs met and school community support, gifted students with ADHD can academically succeed, have a positive self-concept and good interpersonal relationships.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Traducción, adaptación y validación del inventario de burnout de Copenhagen para Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Hernández Breña, Wilson; Burneo, Andrea; Cassaretto, MónicaThe goal is to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in workers of the national domestic violence helpline (Peru). Two measurements were taken in the same population (n=160). Translation-back translation was applied. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, corrected Item-Total Correlation and omega coefficient. Test-retest was performed in the second measurement. Convergent validity was examined with Pearson correlations with the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Fear of Covid-19 Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that the three-correlated factor model has the best fit. Regarding reliability, adequate coefficients were found (alpha: >.82, omega: >.91 and intraclass correlation: > .66). The CBI scales are correlated with the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Fear of Covid-19 Scale, and they are also significantly associated with self-reported health status, but only work-related burnout is associated with self-reported workload. As a result, the CBI shows excellent psychometric properties.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Trazos psicopáticos en jóvenes y pertenencia a grupos de pares antinormativos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Andrade Ferraz, Cristiana Isabel; Carvalho Relva, Inês Moura de Sousa; Dos Santos Simões, Alice Margarida MartinsThe objective of this investigation was to establish a relationship between psychopathic traits and belonging to groups of antinormative peers in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Were included 517 adolescents from the schools in the north of Portugal, aged between 12 and 18 years. Was used the Escala de Antinormatividade Grupal (EAG) and the Youth Psychopathic Inventory Traits Reconstruted (YPI-RE). The results indicated gender and age influences at the level of the Group Antinormativity and psychopathic traits, and parent´s marital status at the level of psychopathic traits. There was a significant positive correlation between Group Antinormativity and psychopathic traits, and, finally, it was concluded that Irresponsibility, the Search of Danger and to be male predict Group Antinormativity.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Uso de redes virtuales en adolescentes de contextos vulnerables: comportamiento agresivo y estrategias de afrontamiento(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Lacunza, Ana Betina; Contini de González, Evangelina Norma; Mejail, Sergio Marcelo; Caballero, Silvina Valeria; Lucero, GabrielDigital technologies have produced new ways of communication among adolescents, which can be both healthy and dysfunctional. The purpose of this study was to identify frequent uses of social networks and coping strategies for aggressive practice. The participants were 243 students in situation of vulnerability from S. M. de Tucumán (Argentina). More than 70% informed healthy uses, 14% recognised themselves as having cyber aggressive behaviour and 23% as being cyber victims. An analysis by Anova and Bonferroni showed that this group indicated the use of nonproductive strategies such as Self-blaming, Wishful Thinking, Not coping, Keeping to self, Worrying and Tension Reduction. Data confirm a higher psychological vulnerability of adolescents who are victims of cyber aggression to face stressful situations.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Los valores como base cognitiva del autoritarismo y la dominancia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-07-04) Zubieta, Elena M.; Sosa, Fernanda M.Sexism, xenophobia, or homophobia are based on values and beliefs about inequality between groups. To analyze the relationship between Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) with Values (Schwartz, 1992), an explanatory, non-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted based on an intentional sample composed by 407 university students (58.5% women; mean age 23.69 years). The findings ratify the RWA and SDO as conservative constructs structured in terms of power and in values opposed to non-aggressive intergroup relations, ratifying a general disposition to prejudice. Also, differential configurations showed up supporting the idea of the Dual Processing Model about the multidimensional nature of prejudice (Duckitt & Sibley, 2010).