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  • Ítem
    Un análisis econométrico sobre la influencia de la apertura comercial, capital humano, inversión y trabajo en la desigualdad en el Perú (1997-2019)
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-12-26) de la Cruz Flores, Martha Sofía; Camino Escudero, Mayra M.
    The aim of this article focuses on analyzing the impact of trade liberalization, human capital, private credit, and variables related to work and specialization on income inequality in Peru during the period from 1997 to 2019. A multiple linear regression model based on the multiple least squares (OLS) methodology is applied, using time series data that mathematizes the relationship between these variables and income inequality, considering the specialization of the labor supply. The relation between the independent variables, human capital and trade openness, and the dependent variable, the Gini, was verified by measuring inequality in the final model. It is important to mention that the effects of historical events that affected the market in 2007, 2011 and 2019 have been considered. The debate about the true impact of economic openness on income inequality has been present throughout history. Therefore, the relevance of this work lies in finding practical explanations in a scenario of deep political and economic instability. We seek to find one of the causes of the income inequality that has been present in Peru for decades. Since a significant reduction has not been seen, it is necessary to demonstrate what type of effect globalization has –during the last two decades– in the fight against income inequality in Peruvian society. The results obtained show that, in this case, trade liberalization does have a positive impact on reducing income inequality. Likewise, inconclusive results are found regarding the nature of the specialization and training of human capital in an environment of economic openness. In these, contradictory behaviors are observed with economic theory and empirical studies.
  • Ítem
    Desde el discurso médico: perspectivas sobre las disfunciones sexuales femeninas y masculinas en el Perú contemporáneo
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-12-26) Olivera, Skarlet; Ramos, Rosario; Herrera, Alejandra
    In historically heteropatriarchal societies such as Peru, the issue of sexuality is framed in a context of myths, taboos, and misinformation, which is, in part, constructed by processes of medicalization. Within this, sexual dysfunctions are conceived as disorders or pathologies that require diagnosis and treatment by specialized personnel. This research aims to explain the ways in which sexual dysfunctions, both female and male, are currently approached from the medical discourse. Through an eminently qualitative methodology that has health professionals as a sample, the main findings refer to the causes of sexual dysfunctions and the gender approach present in the entire process of diagnosis, treatment, and perception. As a cause, the social factor plays an important but always circumscribed role in what is considered psychological or psychosomatic. Likewise, the generational and gender aspect of the interviewees is essential to explain differences regarding their medical and heteronormative perspectives. Finally, it is concluded that the perception of sexual dysfunction is affected by constructions of femininity and masculinity typical of hetero-cis-patriarchal systems.
  • Ítem
    ¿Por qué estudiar Sociología?: un análisis de los factores que intervienen en la elección de la Sociología como carrera universitaria en estudiantes de la PUCP
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-12-26) Huerta Gonzales, Edith; Duffó Chapilliquén, Nadia
    The following research aims to explore the main factors that influence the choice of career in university higher education. It focuses particularly on the case of young Sociology students at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). It seeks to feed the corpus of research on the choice of professional career and contribute to the characterization of students and future sociologists in the country. The study proposes to use a theoretical framework that includes theory of rational choice, theory of social reproduction and gender perspective. The methodology used follows a mixed approach applied in a non-probabilistic sample. This combines a self-administered virtual anonymous survey by 43 of the students enrolled in the 2020-2 semester and qualitative interviews with a small group of these to deepen the responses about their educational trajectory and link with the specialty. The main results indicate that, in 76 % of Sociology students, the career they are currently studying was not their first option, but they started studying other professions. Additionally, it is noted that, in many cases, the decision to opt for this specialty is framed in an institutional environment, in which the influence of professors and courses related to the discipline of social sciences are relevant factors. Regarding the motives, the intrinsic value of the career prevails over its economic potential. In view of this, the relevance and importance of replicating this type of study in the rest of Peruvian universities that offer training in this specialty is foreseen.
  • Ítem
    Reflexiones acerca de la brecha digital en la educación a distancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-12-26) Vertiz Manco, María Belén; Salas Oscco, Claudia Gisell
    Within the context generated by an event with a global effect such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, it can be asserted that –along with the adequate provision of basic needs for human survival– education is one of the factors of daily life to which the greatest concentration for preserving is dedicated. In this sense, there is a considerable advantage: an alternative methodology to the coexistence of teachers and students in a common physical space, which, although it was not an option for general application, was not completely alien to the average student in a country like Peru. We refer to long-distance education. However, while the immediate benefits of adopting this system, at first glance so accessible, are in fact many, the untimely imposition of long-distance education at all educational levels in the country was not established without challenges or setbacks. The widening of the digital gap –once a relatively passive reality to ignore for those who did not perceive themselves as particularly affected by it– reached new heights with breakneck speed and became a major concern due to its effect on the ability of Peruvian students to continue receiving their instruction under the virtual modality, or, failing that, to make visible in a forceful way the effects of the increasingly acute social inequality that harms the country.
  • Ítem
    Quince días largos: la pandemia en una comunidad terapéutica para usuarios de drogas en Lambayeque (2020-2021)
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-12-26) Caycay Carpio, Renzo Josue
    The lack of mental health care in Lambayeque has motivated the creation of informal projects for the rehabilitation and punishment of drug use in young people. This research seeks to understand how the program of a therapeutic community is assembled with the logic of medical immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The latter had consequences on the health and economy of families, which reduce the financial capacity of rehabilitation projects. Based on an ethnographic work and the narratives of five inmates about their first fifteen days of quarantine in the establishment, we show that, far from representing an organizational limitation, the pandemic consolidates the disciplinary procedures of this and other punitive, clinical, and mental complexes. Compared with the known situation, the new modality of preventive reception of the disease is functional to the programming process that turns the individual into an object susceptible to reformulation and transformation.
  • Ítem
    Huertos universitarios y necesidades humanas: una aproximación bibliográfica y vivencial desde el huerto agroecológico de la Universidad Veracruzana en México
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-12-26) Fontalvo Buelvas, Juan Camilo; de la Cruz Elizondo, Yadeneyro
    University vegetable patches are small spaces which have been created firstly for educational and productive purposes. However, these city green areas offer much more than learning and food. From a human development perspective, these cultivated spaces could be a channel to simultaneously satisfy fundamental human needs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explain the relationship between university gardens and the satisfaction of fundamental human needs through a bibliographic and experiential approach from the Agroecological Garden of the Faculty of Biology at Universidad Veracruzana in Mexico. This exploratory research was carried out following the case study methodology, which distinguishes four stages: formulation of the reflection question, unit of analysis, information gathering methods and instruments, and information analysis. The results showed that vegetable patches at universities can respond primarily to the satisfaction of leisure, understanding, participation and identity needs, and, to a lesser extent, to the needs of subsistence, protection, creation, freedom, and affection. Some benefits associated with meeting needs in these cultivated spaces are related to urban sustainability and social well-being, fundamental aspects promoted by urban agroecology. The conjectures described here may represent an important starting point for a more in-depth discussion of the relationship between gardens and human needs. In the future it will be necessary to visualize those methodological tools that allow describing the processes and social phenomena raised here.