(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Moral de la Rubia, José
The objective of this methodological study is to define and develop a qualitative peakedness measure and to test its validity. One hundred twenty qualitative distributions were generated from binomial distributions. The percentile kurtosis and the average of five judges when visually assessing the degree of peakedness were used as validity criteria. Peakedness was defined as the standout of the peak between the shoulders. From the frequencies of the nominal categories, it was specified how to chart a bar diagram and measure the distance from the peak to the shoulders. The statistic showed a behavior adjusted to expectations. Its correlation with average inter-judge peakedness was .87 and with percentile kurtosis −.38. It is concluded that a concept of qualitative peakedness can be defined and measured reliably.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Ladrón, Amalia Gissell; Millán, Anthony Constant; Gómez, John Anibal; Trabucco, Juan Carlos; D’Aubeterre, María Eugenia
The factorial structure, the psychometric properties and the norms of interpretation and correction of the profile, and the typology of the adaptation to Spanish of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sport (CEQS) by Martínez, Guillén & Feltz (2011) are examined, in a sample of Colombian athletes, because in their previous validations no strategies were applied to minimize the bias from factorial indeterminacy, confirmatory and by capitalization on the chance. Contrary to the CEQS five-factors structure originally postulated by Martínez et al. (2011), findings in this study show a two-factor structure. Convergent validity shows that the two factors predict the quality of the players' relationship. Finally, no differences were found in the scores of the two CEQS factors associated with sociodemographic or socio-sports variables. Recommendations are presented on the use and interpretation of this instrument by experts in sport psychology, coaches, and sports administrators, and the contribution of the implementation of the CEQS to the improvement of effectiveness in team sports.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Valdez Huarcaya, Nancy Eufemia; Chau Pérez-Aranibar, Cecilia; Arana Ramirez, Miluska
The aim of the study was to analyze the psychological variables that predict problem gambling in 173 engineering students, men and women, from the first years of study at a private university in Lima, Perú. The age range was 16 to 23 years (M = 17.9, SD = 1.2).The measures were the Personality Inventory NEO FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992), the Academic Stress Inventory (SISCO, Barraza, 2007a), the Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ, Macan, 1994) version translated into Spanish by García-Ros and Pérez-González (2012), and the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA, Becoña, 1997). The results indicated that the management of free time is a moderate predictor of problem gambling (standardized coefficient = -.33), followed by the agreeableness personality´s factor (standardized coefficient = -.29), while academic stress showed lower predictive capacity (standardized coefficient = .10). The results are discussed in relation to possible ways to prevent problem gambling.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Faúndez Abarca, Ximena Ligia; Gamboa Morales, Dahiana; Arredondo, Emanuel; Cruz, Maria Angélica; Montero, Claudia; Simbürger, Elisabeth; Gaete Fiscella, José Manuel; Sandoval Moya, Juan; Hatibovic Díaz, Fuad
This article describes the construction and validation of the “Scale of Social Problems in Chile”. The scale was developed considering the main social issues at a national and municipal level. The instrument was validated using quantitative methodology, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The participants were 456 residents of the Valparaíso municipality, Chile. Cases were selected using quota sampling to reflect the demographic composition of the region in terms of the sex and age groups found in the municipality. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V24.0, while confirmatory factor analysis was performed with R console and the Rcmdr interface. These analyses made it possible to establish that the factor structure of the scale differentiates national problems from local ones.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Santangelo, Pablo Rafael; Conde, Karina
We sought to adapt to the Argentine context two scales that assess psychotherapeutic preferences: The Cooper-Norcross Preferences Inventory (C-NIP-v1.1) and the Questionnaire of Preferences and Experiences of Psychotherapy for the Patient (PEX-1). We administered both scales in a sample of N=600 people (non-probabilistic). We performed internal consistency, dimensional, and item level analyzes. The internal consistency coefficients were adequate for the total scale and, in general, for each dimension. The confirmatory factor analysis evidenced an adequate fit to the original structures. The performance of the items for the scale and its dimensions was acceptable with few exceptions. The psychometric properties of the C-NIP-v1.1 and the PEX-1 are suitable for their application in our context.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando; Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra Del Carmen; Ríos Mercado, Sara Patricia
Emotional Regulation (ER) strategies are created depending on the attachment style, as the probability to experiment positive emotions increases. Need for Social Approval (NSA) works as a motivator that guides behavior and facilitates social adaptation, being associated positively with Mental Health (MH). Relationships between attachment styles, ER, SD and MH were evaluated. In total, 469 participants answered the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, the ER Questionnaire, the NSA Scale and the MH Inventory MHI-38. Significant differences were found in all variables regarding attachment styles. Securely attached individuals had the highest psychological wellbeing and used cognitive re-evaluation as an ER strategy. NSA is conceived as a favorable social adjustment strategy that impacts individual’s MH, influenced by attachment styles in interaction with ER.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) da Costa dos Reis, Cristine Gabrielle; Ojeda Ocampo Moré, Carmen Leontina; Menezes, Marina; Ibarra Dobes da Rosa, Estefânia; Campos, Raquel
This qualitative study aimed to understand the meanings attributed to Palliative Care and its implications for the anticipatory mourning process, from the perspective of family caregivers. Participants were 14 family members of patients in Palliative Care. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The data were analyzed and organized based on the Grounded Theory, using the Atlas.ti 7.5 software. The results showed the meanings attributed to Palliative Care marked by the impact of the treatment proposal, by the emergence of feelings and experiences, and traversed by the specific care requirements, the treatment, and the decision making, generating repercussions in the caregiver’s life. Visualizing the set of meanings attributed during the process permits the support of actions in Palliative Care that recognize elements that constitute anticipatory mourning.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Barceló, Ernesto; Benítez, Juan Camilo; Gelves Ospina, Melissa; Florez, Karen; Navarro, Edgar; De Oro, Carlos
Bullying is a contemporary social phenomenon that impacts multiple social structures and contexts. This study aimed to establish the association between executive functions (EF) and social cognition in adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 109 subjects was selected by convenience sampling. Multinomial logistic regression was performed, finding that social cognition is a protective factor (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) in the group of aggressors to controls; in addition, the group of victims to controls (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 – 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Thus, adequate social cognition is associated as a protective factor against bullying, and presenting deficits in EF is associated with a threefold increased risk of bullying.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Morel González, Celina Elizabeth; Vizioli, Nicolás Alejandro
The relationship between coping responses and test anxiety was addressed by different investigations. However, no studies have been found about coping profiles and their relationship to test anxiety. The objective of this research was to study the coping profiles of 100 psychology students and their relationship with test anxiety. A solution of 3 well differentiated clusters was found regarding the mean scores of coping responses. It was found that the participants belonging to the cluster with the lowest scores in all the coping responses experienced a lower level of concern, emotionality and global test anxiety. The implications of these results are discussed.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Plascencia De la Torre, Juan Carlos; Castellanos Gutiérrez, Christian Lorenzo
The purpose of the study was to evaluate acute emotional states in Mexicans during the Covid-19 pandemic. Non-experimental-cross-sectional design. 585 Mexicans between 18 and 67 years of age participated. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure the variables of stress, anxiety and depression; and a questionnaire on situations related to confinement by COVID-19. The results show that a small percentage of the sample manifested negative emotional symptoms ranging from severe to very severe, as well as fear and anguish of contagion from a relative. Similarly, significant differences were identified between men and women, and age groups. The findings show the importance of designing and implementing psychological interventions aimed at reducing negative emotions during the coronavirus pandemic.
