(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Bonfá-Araujo, Bruno; Hauck Filho, Nelson
This study aimed to identify the capacity of the dark personality to explain the emotional intelligence trait. The sample comprised 395 subjects, aged 18 to 30 years (M = 21.19; SD = 1.75), who responded to the Short Dark Triad, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale and Emotional Skills Inventory. To achieve the proposed objective, a path analysis model was performed. The results indicated that sadism, achiavellianism and narcissism positively explain the dimensions of emotional intelligence, while psychopathy and pitefulness explain it negatively. The findings of this study highlight caution when interventions are carried out to increase emotional intelligence in individuals with dark traits, since they can use it for emotional manipulation.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Benavente, Luna; Sánchez, Benjamín; Rubio, Andrés; Oyanedel, Juan Carlos; Ríos, Javier; Cancino, Fernanda; Torres, Rodrigo
The crisis of political representation in Chile has led to a decrease in the participation of young people in elections, while increasing in social movements. These could affect how they perceive their ability to effect change through politics. This cross-sectional study analyzes, through self-report scales, gender differences in the relationship between internal political efficacy and the importance given to conventional and non-conventional political participation in a sample of Chilean adolescents (N = 949). Results show that the importance given to conventional politics is associated with internal political efficacy for men and women, while the importance given to unconventional politics is only associated for women. The importance of different forms of political participation in the formation of young political citizens is discussed, in the context of feminist mobilizations.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Escobar Benites, Susan Isabel
Social cognition is a neurodynamic process that restructures and regulates a person’s social behavior in function of time and space. In recent years, this construct has taken relevance regarding neuropsychological evaluations since it lays the foundations for the approach and forecast of a successful social adaptation in people with autistic condition. This article explores the life of Saya, a three year and ten months old child, whom reflects a slight autist condition. As the main study tool a neuropsychological evaluation was carried out and focused on psychobiology. This evaluation included the social cognition, which analyzes four different systems: social perception, socioaffective, mental attribution and inferential and executive, in order to start her therapeutic process.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Faúndez Abarca, Ximena Ligia; Gamboa Morales, Dahiana; Arredondo, Emanuel; Cruz, Maria Angélica; Montero, Claudia; Simbürger, Elisabeth; Gaete Fiscella, José Manuel; Sandoval Moya, Juan; Hatibovic Díaz, Fuad
This article describes the construction and validation of the “Scale of Social Problems in Chile”. The scale was developed considering the main social issues at a national and municipal level. The instrument was validated using quantitative methodology, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The participants were 456 residents of the Valparaíso municipality, Chile. Cases were selected using quota sampling to reflect the demographic composition of the region in terms of the sex and age groups found in the municipality. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V24.0, while confirmatory factor analysis was performed with R console and the Rcmdr interface. These analyses made it possible to establish that the factor structure of the scale differentiates national problems from local ones.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Plascencia De la Torre, Juan Carlos; Castellanos Gutiérrez, Christian Lorenzo
The purpose of the study was to evaluate acute emotional states in Mexicans during the Covid-19 pandemic. Non-experimental-cross-sectional design. 585 Mexicans between 18 and 67 years of age participated. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure the variables of stress, anxiety and depression; and a questionnaire on situations related to confinement by COVID-19. The results show that a small percentage of the sample manifested negative emotional symptoms ranging from severe to very severe, as well as fear and anguish of contagion from a relative. Similarly, significant differences were identified between men and women, and age groups. The findings show the importance of designing and implementing psychological interventions aimed at reducing negative emotions during the coronavirus pandemic.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Leal-Soto, Francisco; Ferrer-Urbina, Rodrigo; Alonso-Tapia, Jesus; Rivero, E. Virna; Peredo, Rocío
Main objective was to determine the effects of motivational configuration (CM) of the teacher and the student in group and individual levels, on classroom motivational climate (CMC), attributed motivation and satisfaction with the teacher (MASP) and estimated performance (RE). The data of 1,022 secondary students and 50 Bolivian teachers were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. The CM of students and teachers was explained by motivational school climate, expectations of self-efficacy, goal orientation and beliefs about learning, knowledge and authority. The CM of the teacher had no impact on CMC, MASP and RE, but that of the student, especially the group level, which reflects common elements among the students of each class.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Valdez Huarcaya, Nancy Eufemia; Chau Pérez-Aranibar, Cecilia; Arana Ramirez, Miluska
The aim of the study was to analyze the psychological variables that predict problem gambling in 173 engineering students, men and women, from the first years of study at a private university in Lima, Perú. The age range was 16 to 23 years (M = 17.9, SD = 1.2).The measures were the Personality Inventory NEO FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992), the Academic Stress Inventory (SISCO, Barraza, 2007a), the Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ, Macan, 1994) version translated into Spanish by García-Ros and Pérez-González (2012), and the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA, Becoña, 1997). The results indicated that the management of free time is a moderate predictor of problem gambling (standardized coefficient = -.33), followed by the agreeableness personality´s factor (standardized coefficient = -.29), while academic stress showed lower predictive capacity (standardized coefficient = .10). The results are discussed in relation to possible ways to prevent problem gambling.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Barceló, Ernesto; Benítez, Juan Camilo; Gelves Ospina, Melissa; Florez, Karen; Navarro, Edgar; De Oro, Carlos
Bullying is a contemporary social phenomenon that impacts multiple social structures and contexts. This study aimed to establish the association between executive functions (EF) and social cognition in adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 109 subjects was selected by convenience sampling. Multinomial logistic regression was performed, finding that social cognition is a protective factor (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) in the group of aggressors to controls; in addition, the group of victims to controls (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 – 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Thus, adequate social cognition is associated as a protective factor against bullying, and presenting deficits in EF is associated with a threefold increased risk of bullying.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Hatibovic, Fuad Juso; Pinto, Isabel; Páez, Darío
This article analyzes the relationship between successful dealing with deviant acts (i.e., acts of corruption) and social cohesion. We conducted an experimental research with 148 university students based on the subjective group dynamics theory. We informed the research participants of some corruption cases in Chile (ingroup) and Argentina (outgroup) during the last year, with two modes of efficiency in their legal control: high efficiency (95% of the cases were judged and sanctioned) and low efficiency (5% of the cases were judged and sanctioned). The mediational analysis shows that the induced ingroup effectiveness causes a better emotional climate, greater perceived collective efficiency in dealing with deviance, increases confidence in social control and reinforces national identification. We conducted a comparative analysis with a sample of Portuguese university students, finding that Chilean students have a more critical view of collective effectiveness in dealing with deviance and a moderate level of national identification. The results are related to the assumptions of the subjective group dynamics theory and show the psychosocial effects of uncontrolled and unsanctioned corruption.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando; Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra Del Carmen; Ríos Mercado, Sara Patricia
Emotional Regulation (ER) strategies are created depending on the attachment style, as the probability to experiment positive emotions increases. Need for Social Approval (NSA) works as a motivator that guides behavior and facilitates social adaptation, being associated positively with Mental Health (MH). Relationships between attachment styles, ER, SD and MH were evaluated. In total, 469 participants answered the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, the ER Questionnaire, the NSA Scale and the MH Inventory MHI-38. Significant differences were found in all variables regarding attachment styles. Securely attached individuals had the highest psychological wellbeing and used cognitive re-evaluation as an ER strategy. NSA is conceived as a favorable social adjustment strategy that impacts individual’s MH, influenced by attachment styles in interaction with ER.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Moral de la Rubia, José
The objective of this methodological study is to define and develop a qualitative peakedness measure and to test its validity. One hundred twenty qualitative distributions were generated from binomial distributions. The percentile kurtosis and the average of five judges when visually assessing the degree of peakedness were used as validity criteria. Peakedness was defined as the standout of the peak between the shoulders. From the frequencies of the nominal categories, it was specified how to chart a bar diagram and measure the distance from the peak to the shoulders. The statistic showed a behavior adjusted to expectations. Its correlation with average inter-judge peakedness was .87 and with percentile kurtosis −.38. It is concluded that a concept of qualitative peakedness can be defined and measured reliably.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Rigão, Gabriela Sarturi; Brum, Rayssa Reck; Pereira, Caroline Rubin Rossato
This qualitative study aimed to understand, through the father's perspective, how the maternal figure remains present in families with children who have experienced the mother's death. Four widowed men participated, parents of children whose mothers had died. Narrative and semi-structured interviews, as well as drawings, were used as instruments. From the content analysis, the results indicated that the families built narratives that kept the mother's memories and teachings in their lives. The mother's perpetuation as an idealized figure, highlighted by her positive characteristics, remained as a guide to be followed. In the parent-child relationship, the mother was referred to as present through conversations, stories, photographs and the preservation of her teachings.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Ladrón, Amalia Gissell; Millán, Anthony Constant; Gómez, John Anibal; Trabucco, Juan Carlos; D’Aubeterre, María Eugenia
The factorial structure, the psychometric properties and the norms of interpretation and correction of the profile, and the typology of the adaptation to Spanish of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sport (CEQS) by Martínez, Guillén & Feltz (2011) are examined, in a sample of Colombian athletes, because in their previous validations no strategies were applied to minimize the bias from factorial indeterminacy, confirmatory and by capitalization on the chance. Contrary to the CEQS five-factors structure originally postulated by Martínez et al. (2011), findings in this study show a two-factor structure. Convergent validity shows that the two factors predict the quality of the players' relationship. Finally, no differences were found in the scores of the two CEQS factors associated with sociodemographic or socio-sports variables. Recommendations are presented on the use and interpretation of this instrument by experts in sport psychology, coaches, and sports administrators, and the contribution of the implementation of the CEQS to the improvement of effectiveness in team sports.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Morel González, Celina Elizabeth; Vizioli, Nicolás Alejandro
The relationship between coping responses and test anxiety was addressed by different investigations. However, no studies have been found about coping profiles and their relationship to test anxiety. The objective of this research was to study the coping profiles of 100 psychology students and their relationship with test anxiety. A solution of 3 well differentiated clusters was found regarding the mean scores of coping responses. It was found that the participants belonging to the cluster with the lowest scores in all the coping responses experienced a lower level of concern, emotionality and global test anxiety. The implications of these results are discussed.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Araújo Rodrigues, Daisy; Relva, Inês Moura de Sousa Carvalho; Fernandes, Otília Maria Monteiro
This study aimed to explore the relationship between parental disciplinary practices and internet addiction. 568 adolescents participated. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Dimensions of Discipline Inventory - Form C (DDI-C) were used. 73.1% of users with mild and moderate addiction were identified. Mothers showed greater use of all disciplinary dimensions. Differences were found only in the father's inductive discipline, depending on the family setting. However, there were no differences between adolescents from different family setting regarding internet addiction. Associations were observed between parental disciplinary dimensions and internet addiction. Finally, the punitive discipline of the mother and father and the inductive discipline of the mother, were predictors of internet addiction.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Santangelo, Pablo Rafael; Conde, Karina
We sought to adapt to the Argentine context two scales that assess psychotherapeutic preferences: The Cooper-Norcross Preferences Inventory (C-NIP-v1.1) and the Questionnaire of Preferences and Experiences of Psychotherapy for the Patient (PEX-1). We administered both scales in a sample of N=600 people (non-probabilistic). We performed internal consistency, dimensional, and item level analyzes. The internal consistency coefficients were adequate for the total scale and, in general, for each dimension. The confirmatory factor analysis evidenced an adequate fit to the original structures. The performance of the items for the scale and its dimensions was acceptable with few exceptions. The psychometric properties of the C-NIP-v1.1 and the PEX-1 are suitable for their application in our context.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Gonçalves Correia Zanini, Marta Regina; Rossato, Lucas; Scorsolini-Comin, Fabio
This mixed study evaluated changes and stability in health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol consumption and amount of hours of sleep) and the belief in academic self-efficacy of Brazilian university students, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first step, quantitative and longitudinal, investigated 20 students (average age=20.8 years; SD=3.4) in the period of 2019 and 2020, suggesting the maintenance of mental health indicators and the reduction of alcohol consumption and self-efficacy. In the second, qualitative stage, interviews during the quarantine revealed processes of personal and academic adaptation, in addition to concerns about mental health in the face of the pandemic. Institutional responses by universities to these ongoing challenges are recommended, as opposed to an individual analytical perspective.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) da Costa dos Reis, Cristine Gabrielle; Ojeda Ocampo Moré, Carmen Leontina; Menezes, Marina; Ibarra Dobes da Rosa, Estefânia; Campos, Raquel
This qualitative study aimed to understand the meanings attributed to Palliative Care and its implications for the anticipatory mourning process, from the perspective of family caregivers. Participants were 14 family members of patients in Palliative Care. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The data were analyzed and organized based on the Grounded Theory, using the Atlas.ti 7.5 software. The results showed the meanings attributed to Palliative Care marked by the impact of the treatment proposal, by the emergence of feelings and experiences, and traversed by the specific care requirements, the treatment, and the decision making, generating repercussions in the caregiver’s life. Visualizing the set of meanings attributed during the process permits the support of actions in Palliative Care that recognize elements that constitute anticipatory mourning.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Zambianchi, Manuela
Referring to the theoretical assumptions of Positive Technology, the study examined attitudes towards ICTs, the use of specific technologies and their relationship with eudaimonic psychological well-being (PWB) in emerging adults. 204 emerging adults (mean age 21.61, SD = 2.99; range 19-30; female 85 (49%), male 108; (56%) participated in the research. The use of specific information technologies is positively associated with the possession of attitudes favorable to them, and with different components of eudaimonic psychological well-being. The use of emails is positively linked to greater global eudaimonic well-being, a greater sense of personal growth, the presence of numerous life projects and satisfactory social relations. The use of predominantly iconic systems such as Instagram appears instead linked to a lower perceived autonomy.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-15) Pacheco, Jesús Redondo
This research describes the associated variables that participate in the phenomenon of cyberbullying in 1080 Colombian adolescents with an age range of 10 to 19 years (M = 13.48; SD = 1.75), using the Victimization Scale through cell phone and internet and the Cyber-Attack Scale (adapted by Buelga, Cava, & Musitu in 2010). The results show that age, time of internet use and internet availability are risk factors associated with being cyber-victim through the internet, and the age, female sex and time of having a cell phone, in the case of Cybervictimization through this device. Regarding cyber-aggression, the risk factors found were female sex, cell phone and internet access, and if that internet is used at home, in addition to internet browsing time and its use. These results will help to know in greater depth the phenomenon, allowing to propose effective intervention programs before its diverse forms that evolve and change in a vertiginous way.
