Aplicación de una metodología para el análisis de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en acceso a servicios de salud y educación en Perú en 2005-2012
Archivos
Fecha
2014
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
DOI
Resumen
El estudio aplica una metodología para descomponer, para el 2005 y 2012, la desigualdad del acceso a establecimientos de salud (EESS) y de la asistencia a los centros educativos (CCEE) en términos de sus respectivos determinantes y analizar los factores detrás del cambio de la desigualdad entre dichos años. Así, en primer lugar, se estima para el 2005 y 2012 el impacto que tienen diferentes variables (que entre otros incluyen el nivel socioeconómico —NSE—, etnicidad, género y localización) en, por un lado, el acceso a EESS y, por otro lado, la asistencia a los CCEE; en segundo lugar, se establece en cuánto contribuyó en el 2005 y 2012 cada uno de los covariantes al Índice de Concentración del acceso a EESS y asistencia a los CCEE y qué covariantes fueron los principales impulsores de la caída de dichos Índices entre ambos años. Esto permite revelar no sólo qué factores han reducido las brechas de acceso en educación y salud sino también qué parte de las desigualdades corresponden a diferencias no justificables desde un punto de vista normativo.
Los resultados muestran que, en el caso del acceso a EESS, la mayor parte de la desigualdad se explica por las desigualdades en el NSE del hogar y por la tenencia de seguro. El seguro ESSALUD para trabajadores formales tuvo la segunda mayor contribución pro-desigualdad en ambos años, mientras que el Seguro Integral de Salud (orientado principalmente a sectores de menores recursos) tuvo un efecto igualador. La mayor parte de la caída de la desigualdad entre el 2005 y 2012 se debe a los cambios inducidos por el consumo per cápita, principalmente por la reducción de la desigualdad de gasto entre hogares. El aseguramiento contribuyó también con la reducción de la desigualdad pero debido al debilitamiento de su efecto en el acceso. En el caso de la asistencia a CCEE, la mayor parte de la desigualdad se explica por las diferencias entre la población en las características del jefe de hogar (en particular por las diferencias en los años de estudio) y por las desigualdades en el NSE del hogar. A diferencia del caso de salud, la caída de la desigualdad se explica principalmente por el efecto ejercido por el NSE y características del hogar. Estos resultados sugieren, en el caso del sector salud, el potencial del SIS para la reducción de la desigualdad en salud y la necesidad de mejora en su diseño para promover una mayor equidad; en el del sector educación, una mayor atención a la profundización de estrategias para mejorar el acceso de poblaciones indígenas.
The study decomposes, for the years 2005 and 2012, the inequality of access to health care facilities (HHFF) and attendance to educational facilities (EEFF) in terms of their determinants and analyzes the driving factors behind changing in inequality among those years. In the first place, we estimate for 2005 and 2012 the impact of different variables (which among others include socioeconomic status —SEL—, ethnicity, gender and location) over, on the one hand, access to HHFF and, on the other hand, attendance to EEFF; in the second place, we estimate how much each covariate contributed to the 2005 and 2012 Concentration Indexes of access to HHEE and attendance to EEFF and what covariates were the main boosters of the falling inequality between these years. This allows us to reveal what factors have helped reducing the gap in health and education and also to know what part of inequalities correspond to non-justifiable differences from a normative point of view. Results show that, in the case of access to HHFF, most of inequality is explained by disparities in household NSE and insurance affiliation. The ESSALUD insurance had the second highest contribution pro-inequality in both years, while SIS had an equalizing effect. Most of the decline in inequality between 2005 and 2012 is due to changes induced by per capita consumption, mainly by the falling expenditure inequality between households. Insurance also contributed to reducing inequality but due to the weakening of its effect on access. In the case of attendance to EEFF, most of inequality is explained by differences in population characteristics of the household head (particularly by differences in years of education) and inequalities in the SEL of household. Unlike the case of health, the fall in inequality in this case is mainly explained by the effect exerted by SEL and characteristics of household. These results suggest, for the health variable, the potential of the SIS insurance for reducing health inequalities and the need for improvement in design to promote greater equity; for the education sector, it is necessary to promote a further deepening of strategies to improve the access to education for indigenous peoples.
The study decomposes, for the years 2005 and 2012, the inequality of access to health care facilities (HHFF) and attendance to educational facilities (EEFF) in terms of their determinants and analyzes the driving factors behind changing in inequality among those years. In the first place, we estimate for 2005 and 2012 the impact of different variables (which among others include socioeconomic status —SEL—, ethnicity, gender and location) over, on the one hand, access to HHFF and, on the other hand, attendance to EEFF; in the second place, we estimate how much each covariate contributed to the 2005 and 2012 Concentration Indexes of access to HHEE and attendance to EEFF and what covariates were the main boosters of the falling inequality between these years. This allows us to reveal what factors have helped reducing the gap in health and education and also to know what part of inequalities correspond to non-justifiable differences from a normative point of view. Results show that, in the case of access to HHFF, most of inequality is explained by disparities in household NSE and insurance affiliation. The ESSALUD insurance had the second highest contribution pro-inequality in both years, while SIS had an equalizing effect. Most of the decline in inequality between 2005 and 2012 is due to changes induced by per capita consumption, mainly by the falling expenditure inequality between households. Insurance also contributed to reducing inequality but due to the weakening of its effect on access. In the case of attendance to EEFF, most of inequality is explained by differences in population characteristics of the household head (particularly by differences in years of education) and inequalities in the SEL of household. Unlike the case of health, the fall in inequality in this case is mainly explained by the effect exerted by SEL and characteristics of household. These results suggest, for the health variable, the potential of the SIS insurance for reducing health inequalities and the need for improvement in design to promote greater equity; for the education sector, it is necessary to promote a further deepening of strategies to improve the access to education for indigenous peoples.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis de equidad, Descomposición de desigualdades, Políticas de salud, Políticas de educación
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess