Siglo XIX: La literatura peruana en proceso y la necesidad de replantearse la situación de los otros en la escena nacional
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente artículo espera contribuir a una necesaria revisión de las tendencias literarias que tuvieron mayor relevancia en el escenario cultural del Perú del siglo XIX. Se asume la perspectiva de que el costumbrismo representa la reafirmación del nosotros (nuestras costumbres, nuestra realidad social y cultural) frente a los otros (los españoles). Pero luego, en las siguientes décadas, durante el romanticismo, se aprecia que los criollos e intelectuales (el nosotros) no intenta un acercamiento a los otros (entendiendo como tal la población andina, la realidad rural del país). Solo después de la guerra con Chile, en términos generales, y con la participación singular de González Prada, los otros vuelven a ser motivo de reflexión y personajes de la actividad literaria. Para el estudio del proceso literario se han tenido en cuenta los textos de Palma y su testimonio personal, así como los escritos de Mercedes Cabello acerca de las tendencias literarias en su época. No se deja de lado la función del Estado frente a los intelectuales, especialmente a mediados del siglo XIX.
The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the most important literary trends in the Peruvian cultural scenery of the nineteenth century. Costumbrismo is assumed as the reaffi rmation of our national identity (our customs, our social and cultural reality) against the others (the Spaniards). However, in the following decades, during romanticism, Peruvian creoles and intellectuals did not attempt an approach to the others (that is, to the Andean population and the rural reality of the country). Only after the war against Chile and with the exceptional participation of Gonzalez Prada, the others became a matter of reflection and Andean peasants began to appear as characters of literary pieces. Palma works and his personal testimony were taken into account to study the literary process, as well as the writings of Mercedes Cabello about the literary trends of her time. The role of the government towards intellectual life, especially during the mid-nineteenth century has also been considered.
The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the most important literary trends in the Peruvian cultural scenery of the nineteenth century. Costumbrismo is assumed as the reaffi rmation of our national identity (our customs, our social and cultural reality) against the others (the Spaniards). However, in the following decades, during romanticism, Peruvian creoles and intellectuals did not attempt an approach to the others (that is, to the Andean population and the rural reality of the country). Only after the war against Chile and with the exceptional participation of Gonzalez Prada, the others became a matter of reflection and Andean peasants began to appear as characters of literary pieces. Palma works and his personal testimony were taken into account to study the literary process, as well as the writings of Mercedes Cabello about the literary trends of her time. The role of the government towards intellectual life, especially during the mid-nineteenth century has also been considered.
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Movimientos Literarios, Realismo, Romanticismo, Novelas, Economía
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