Factores que inciden en la transparencia corporativa: aplicación a empresas del sector banca y finanzas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores de Lima
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2019-12-09
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
DOI
Resumen
La presente investigación propone analizar la relación del nivel de transparencia
corporativa en las empresas del sector banca y finanzas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de
Lima con los factores organizacionales: consejo de la administración (tamaño y participación
femenina), estructura de la propiedad, comité de auditoría y características de la empresa
(endeudamiento, tamaño, rentabilidad, edad) durante el ejercicio 2018.
La investigación inicia con una revisión de la literatura de los modelos para determinar
la medición del índice de transparencia corporativa, así como los conceptos de las
dimensiones y las definiciones operacionales de los factores organizacionales que influyen en
el ITC, además se identificaron las 33 empresas del sector bancario y financiero que
cotizaron en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima en el año 2018. En el modelo de medición del
índice de transparencia corporativa se aplicó el modelo propuesto por Briano y Rodríguez
(2013) denominado Índice de Transparencia Corporativa en Internet (e-ITC), este modelo se
compone de tres dimensiones con 41 ítems y se basó en la información encontrada en los
sitios web de empresas con mayor cotización en las bolsas de México y España (llamado
Modelo IBEX 35).
En el análisis de confiabilidad de los resultados se utilizaron las pruebas del Alfa de
Cronbach y mediante el cálculo del coeficiente KR-20 de Kuder y Richardson para la
consistencia interna del instrumento (considerando que esta prueba es la más adecuada para
el análisis de datos dicotómicos: sí o no). Asimismo, para el análisis correlacional de las
variables se ratificó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, a un nivel de
significancia de 0.05.
Los resultados determinan que el índice de transparencia corporativa global del sector
banca y finanzas tiene un nivel medio de transparencia alcanzando un puntaje de 58.4%,
donde los subíndices de: información corporativa (ITC-1), información financiera (ITC-2) y gobernanza corporativa (ITC-3), fueron de 55.8%, 67.0% y 56.1% respectivamente.
En contraste con los objetivos planteados, el análisis correlacional entre la
transparencia corporativa y las variables organizacionales como: tamaño de la empresa y
edad de la empresa, existe una correlación positiva media. Asimismo, una correlación
positiva débil entre las variables: tamaño del directorio y participación femenina; en este
caso, la revisión de la literatura indicó que sí hay correlación positiva con estas variables; sin
embargo, los resultados del presente estudio no confirman lo investigado por Briano (2014)
donde las variables: participación femenina en el consejo de administración y la edad de la
empresa, no son significativas.
Se concluye de los resultados, que los factores organizacionales: estructura de
propiedad, comité de auditoría, endeudamiento y rentabilidad en las empresas del sector
banca y finanzas no presentan una correlación estadística significativa con el índice de
transparencia corporativa global; sin embargo, en la revisión de literatura el comité de
auditoría, la rentabilidad y endeudamiento de la empresa sí influyen en nivel de transparencia
corporativa.
Como propuesta a futuras investigaciones se considera interesante ampliar la
investigación, analizando la influencia de los factores organizacionales a cada uno de los
subíndices que integran el índice de transparencia corporativa global y aplicar el modelo para
todas las entidades financieras del país, segmentando la población a bancos, financieras y
cajas y entre empresas que cotizan en bolsa y las que no cotizan.
The present research proposes to analyze the relationship of the level of corporate transparency in companies of the banking and finance sector that are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange with the organizational factors: board of directors (size and female participation), ownership structure, audit committee and company characteristics (indebtedness, size, profitability, age) during fiscal year 2018. The investigation begins with a review of the literature of the models to determine the measurement of the corporate transparency index, as well as the concepts of the dimensions and operational definitions of the organizational factors that influence the ITC, in addition the 33 companies of the banking and finance sector that were listed on the Lima Stock Exchange in 2018. For the measurement of the corporate transparency index, the model proposed by Briano and Rodríguez (2013) called the Corporate Transparency Index on Internet (e-ITC) was applied. This model consists of three dimensions with 41 items and was based on the information found on the websites of companies with the highest prices on the Mexican and Spanish stock exchanges (called Model IBEX 35). The results of the corporate transparency index were subjected to the Cronbach's Alpha tests, and the Kuder and Richardson KR-20 coefficient test was performed for the internal consistency of the instrument, the latter being the most appropriate for binary or dichotomous data ( Yes or no). Also, for the correlational analysis of the variables, it was validated with the test of the critical value of the Spearman correlation coefficient, at a level of significance of 0.05. The results determine that the global corporate transparency index of the banking and finance sector has an average level of transparency with a score of 58.4%, where the subindices of: corporate information (ITC-1), financial information (ITC-2) and corporate governance (ITC-3), were 55.8%, 67.0% and 56.1% respectively. In contrast to the stated objectives, the correlational analysis between corporate transparency and organizational variables such as: company size and company age, is positive average. Moreover, exists a weak positive correlation between the variables: board size and female participation; in this case, the literature review indicated that there is a positive correlation with these variables; however, the results of this study do not confirm what Briano (2014) investigated where the variables: female participation in the board of directors and the age of the company are not significant. It is concluded from the results that the organizational factors: ownership structure, audit committee, indebtedness and profitability in the companies of the banking and finance sector do not present a significant statistical correlation with the global corporate transparency index; however, in the literature review the audit committee, the profitability and indebtedness of the company do influence on the level of corporate transparency. As a proposal for future research, it is considered interesting to expand the investigation, analyzing the influence of organizational factors on each of the sub-indices that integrate the global corporate transparency index and apply the model for all financial entities in the country, segmenting the population into banks, financial and savings banks and between publicly traded and non-listed companies.
The present research proposes to analyze the relationship of the level of corporate transparency in companies of the banking and finance sector that are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange with the organizational factors: board of directors (size and female participation), ownership structure, audit committee and company characteristics (indebtedness, size, profitability, age) during fiscal year 2018. The investigation begins with a review of the literature of the models to determine the measurement of the corporate transparency index, as well as the concepts of the dimensions and operational definitions of the organizational factors that influence the ITC, in addition the 33 companies of the banking and finance sector that were listed on the Lima Stock Exchange in 2018. For the measurement of the corporate transparency index, the model proposed by Briano and Rodríguez (2013) called the Corporate Transparency Index on Internet (e-ITC) was applied. This model consists of three dimensions with 41 items and was based on the information found on the websites of companies with the highest prices on the Mexican and Spanish stock exchanges (called Model IBEX 35). The results of the corporate transparency index were subjected to the Cronbach's Alpha tests, and the Kuder and Richardson KR-20 coefficient test was performed for the internal consistency of the instrument, the latter being the most appropriate for binary or dichotomous data ( Yes or no). Also, for the correlational analysis of the variables, it was validated with the test of the critical value of the Spearman correlation coefficient, at a level of significance of 0.05. The results determine that the global corporate transparency index of the banking and finance sector has an average level of transparency with a score of 58.4%, where the subindices of: corporate information (ITC-1), financial information (ITC-2) and corporate governance (ITC-3), were 55.8%, 67.0% and 56.1% respectively. In contrast to the stated objectives, the correlational analysis between corporate transparency and organizational variables such as: company size and company age, is positive average. Moreover, exists a weak positive correlation between the variables: board size and female participation; in this case, the literature review indicated that there is a positive correlation with these variables; however, the results of this study do not confirm what Briano (2014) investigated where the variables: female participation in the board of directors and the age of the company are not significant. It is concluded from the results that the organizational factors: ownership structure, audit committee, indebtedness and profitability in the companies of the banking and finance sector do not present a significant statistical correlation with the global corporate transparency index; however, in the literature review the audit committee, the profitability and indebtedness of the company do influence on the level of corporate transparency. As a proposal for future research, it is considered interesting to expand the investigation, analyzing the influence of organizational factors on each of the sub-indices that integrate the global corporate transparency index and apply the model for all financial entities in the country, segmenting the population into banks, financial and savings banks and between publicly traded and non-listed companies.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Transparencia corporativa--Perú, Valor--Finanzas--Perú, Investigación cuantitativa
Citación
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess