¿Jugadoras de rugby en Lima?: estereotipos y autopercepciones presentes en la vinculación con este deporte
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2019-09-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación se enmarca en la condición de la mujer en deportes que no corresponden con su
rol de género tradicional. Por tanto, se ha propuesto como objetivo comprender la motivación para practicar
un deporte como el rugby y el papel que tienen los estereotipos y autopercepciones en este proceso de toma
de decisiones. Para este fin, se condujo una investigación cualitativa, con un diseño de análisis
fenomenológico hermenéutico, mediante el cual se buscó comprender lo que significó esta experiencia para
ellas. Se entrevistaron a 11 mujeres, integrantes y exintegrantes de equipos de Rugby de Lima
Metropolitana. Los resultados evidencian que factores socioculturales, cognitivos y motivacionales
intervienen en la decisión de iniciar, mantenerse y desistir de este deporte. Se encontró que todas ellas,
desde la niñez, recibieron comentarios desalentadores y de desaprobación de sus conductas y preferencias
que rompían con aquellas que se asocian tradicionalmente con lo femenino. Asimismo, tomar la decisión
de practicar un “deporte masculino” ha significado pasar por un proceso personal de cuestionamiento sobre
lo que es femenino. Sin embargo, involucrarse en el rugby les permitió encontrar un grupo de identificación,
conocerse y aceptarse a sí mismas. Incluso, esto las conllevó a responder a episodios de inequidad de género
por parte del entorno cercano, adquirir estrategias de afrontamiento e impactar positivamente en su
personalidad y contexto Así, se encontró que en algunos casos la obtención de logros predominó sobre el
mantenimiento de los roles de género.
This research is part of the condition of women in sports that does not correspond to their traditional gender role. Therefore, it has been proposed as the objective, understand the motivation to practice a sport such as rugby and the role of stereotypes and self-perceptions in this decision-making process. For this purpose, a qualitative research was conducted, with a hermeneutical phenomenological analysis design, through which it was sought to understand what this experience meant for them. We interviewed 11 women, members and former members of Rugby teams in Lima Metropolitana. The results showed that sociocultural, cognitive and motivational factors intervene in the decision to start, maintain and give up this sport. It was found that all of them, from childhood, received discouraging comments and disapproval of their behaviors and preferences that broke with those that is traditionally associated with feminine. Also, making the decision to practice a "masculine" sport has meant going through a personal process of questioning what is feminine. However, getting involved in rugby has involved finding an identification group, getting to know and accepting more of them. Even, this has involved responding to episodes of gender inequality by the immediate environment, acquiring coping strategies and positively impacting their personality and context. Thus, it was found that in some cases achievement predominated over the maintenance of the roles of gender.
This research is part of the condition of women in sports that does not correspond to their traditional gender role. Therefore, it has been proposed as the objective, understand the motivation to practice a sport such as rugby and the role of stereotypes and self-perceptions in this decision-making process. For this purpose, a qualitative research was conducted, with a hermeneutical phenomenological analysis design, through which it was sought to understand what this experience meant for them. We interviewed 11 women, members and former members of Rugby teams in Lima Metropolitana. The results showed that sociocultural, cognitive and motivational factors intervene in the decision to start, maintain and give up this sport. It was found that all of them, from childhood, received discouraging comments and disapproval of their behaviors and preferences that broke with those that is traditionally associated with feminine. Also, making the decision to practice a "masculine" sport has meant going through a personal process of questioning what is feminine. However, getting involved in rugby has involved finding an identification group, getting to know and accepting more of them. Even, this has involved responding to episodes of gender inequality by the immediate environment, acquiring coping strategies and positively impacting their personality and context. Thus, it was found that in some cases achievement predominated over the maintenance of the roles of gender.
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Toma de decisiones, Motivación (Psicología), Estereotipo (Psicología social), Autopercepción
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