Los actos de violencia sexual cometidos intra-filas en perjuicio de integrantes adultos de los grupos o fuerzas armadas, calificados como crímenes de guerra
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2024-03-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Si bien la violencia sexual ya se encuentra regulada dentro de las jurisdicciones
penales ordinarias como un grave delito, su ocurrencia durante los conflictos
armados, dentro de las filas de los grupos y fuerzas armadas, presenta desafíos
específicos para su clasificación como crímenes de guerra. Ello en tanto,
históricamente, se ha considerado que los sujetos pasivos de estos crímenes
son personas protegidas por el DIH, excluyendo a los miembros de grupos y
fuerzas armadas.
En ese sentido, el presente trabajo de investigación aborda la posibilidad de
calificar expresamente a los actos de violencia sexual cometidos intra-filas en
perjuicio de integrantes adultos de los grupos o fuerzas armadas como crímenes
de guerra. Para ello, en la primera sección, se expondrá la evolución del criterio
jurisprudencial en la calificación de los delitos cometidos intra-filas. En la
segunda sección, se analizará el desafío de clasificar como crímenes de guerra
los actos de violencia sexual intra-filas dirigidos a integrantes adultos de grupos
o fuerzas armadas, examinando la tradicional categorización de persona
protegida y sujeto pasivo en el DIH y el DPI. El trabajo concluirá explorando la
posibilidad de extender la calificación de crímenes de guerra a estos actos,
aplicando un enfoque interseccional, y justificando la necesidad de reconocer
explícitamente la violencia sexual intra-filas contra adultos como crímenes de
guerra en el marco del DPI.
While sexual violence is already regulated within ordinary criminal jurisdictions as a serious offense, its occurrence during armed conflicts, within the ranks of armed groups and forces, poses specific challenges for its classification as war crimes. And this is because, historically, the passive subjects of these crimes have been considered individuals protected by IHL, excluding members of armed groups and forces. In this context, this research addresses the possibility of expressly categorizing intra-force sexual violence against adult members of groups or armed forces as war crimes. In the first section, the jurisprudential evolution of classifying intraforce offenses as war crimes will be presented. The second section will analyze the challenge of classifying intra-force sexual violence against adult members of groups or armed forces as war crimes, examining the traditional categorization of protected individuals and passive subjects in IHL and ICL. The research will conclude by exploring the possibility of extending the classification of war crimes to these acts, applying an intersectional approach and justifying the need to explicitly recognize intra-force sexual violence against adults as war crimes within the framework of ICL.
While sexual violence is already regulated within ordinary criminal jurisdictions as a serious offense, its occurrence during armed conflicts, within the ranks of armed groups and forces, poses specific challenges for its classification as war crimes. And this is because, historically, the passive subjects of these crimes have been considered individuals protected by IHL, excluding members of armed groups and forces. In this context, this research addresses the possibility of expressly categorizing intra-force sexual violence against adult members of groups or armed forces as war crimes. In the first section, the jurisprudential evolution of classifying intraforce offenses as war crimes will be presented. The second section will analyze the challenge of classifying intra-force sexual violence against adult members of groups or armed forces as war crimes, examining the traditional categorization of protected individuals and passive subjects in IHL and ICL. The research will conclude by exploring the possibility of extending the classification of war crimes to these acts, applying an intersectional approach and justifying the need to explicitly recognize intra-force sexual violence against adults as war crimes within the framework of ICL.
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Violencia sexual, Derecho internacional público, Derecho internacional humanitario, Crímenes de guerra
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