Sistema expositivo y sistema jurídico en la Teoría Comunicacional del Derecho (TCD)
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2017-09-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En este estudio me propongo explicar los caracteres del sistema jurídico, tal como es entendido en el marco de la Teoría Comunicacional del Derecho (en adelante: TCD). El sistema jurídico constituye una totalidad textual que refleja otra totalidad textual: el ordenamiento jurídico. No se trata de un reflejo positivista, en virtud del cual el sistema sería una mera descripción del ordenamiento, sino de un reflejo hermenéutico, lo que supone que el sistema construye el ordenamiento, y presenta de él su versión mejor y más acabada, su versión más inteligente. La relación entre ordenamiento y sistema no es unidireccional, sino que entre ellos se produce una relación en espiral hermenéutica sostenida a lo largo del tiempo, ya que son totalidades textuales en perpetuo cambio. La dualidad ordenamiento/sistema representa el eje básico dentro de un ámbito jurídico, realidad ésta que engloba todos los procesos comunicacionales y los textos producidos por ellos: primero, los procesos comunicacionales que genera el ordenamiento y los textos ordinamentales; segundo, los procesos de comunicación de la dogmática jurídica, generadora de las diversas propuestas de sistema expositivo; tercero, de la conjunción de los textos dogmáticos y los de la jurisprudencia de los tribunales surgen los textos sistémicos o textos del sistema jurídico; cuarto, los procesos comunicacionales y los textos que se generan dentro del ámbito que, sin embargo, no pertenecen al ordenamiento ni al sistema; y quinto, los actos (y omisiones) cuyo significado jurídico sólo es comprensible desde el marco de referencia constituido por el eje hermenéutico ordenamiento / sistema. En todo este análisis, es preciso diferenciar -como ha quedado apuntado- entre el sistema didáctico-expositivo y el sistema jurídico propiamente dicho (o sistema jurídico en sentido estricto). Para llevar a cabo la tarea propuesta, antes de entrar en la distinción entre ordenamiento jurídico y sistema jurídico, es conveniente tratar de la diferenciación entre conjunto y orden.
In this study I try to explain the characteristics of the legal system, as it is understood in the framework of the Communicational Theory of Law (TCD). The legal system constitutes a textual totality that reflects another textual totality: the legal order. It is not a positivist reflex, by virtue of which the system would be a mere description of the order, but of a hermeneutic reflex, which supposes that the system constructs the order, and presents its better and more finished version, a more intelligent version. The relationship between order and system is not unidirectional, but between them there is a hermeneutic spiral relationship sustained over time, since they are textual totalities in perpetual change. The ordering / system duality represents the basic axis within a juridical realm, a reality that encompasses all the communicational processes and the texts produced by them: first, the communicational processes generated by the ordination and the ordinary texts; second, the communication processes of legal dogmatic, which generates the various proposals of the exhibition system; third, from the conjunction of dogmatic texts and from the jurisprudence of the courts arise the systemic texts or texts of the legal system; fourth, the communicational processes and the texts that are generated within the scope that, however, do not belong to the order or the system; and fifth, the acts (and omissions) whose legal meaning can only be understood from the frame of reference constituted by the hermeneutic axis of order / system. In all this analysis, it is necessary to differentiate - as has been pointed out - between the didactic-expository system and the legal system itself (or legal system in the strict sense). In order to carry out the proposed task, before entering into the distinction between legal order and legal system, it is convenient to deal with the differentiation between set and order.
In this study I try to explain the characteristics of the legal system, as it is understood in the framework of the Communicational Theory of Law (TCD). The legal system constitutes a textual totality that reflects another textual totality: the legal order. It is not a positivist reflex, by virtue of which the system would be a mere description of the order, but of a hermeneutic reflex, which supposes that the system constructs the order, and presents its better and more finished version, a more intelligent version. The relationship between order and system is not unidirectional, but between them there is a hermeneutic spiral relationship sustained over time, since they are textual totalities in perpetual change. The ordering / system duality represents the basic axis within a juridical realm, a reality that encompasses all the communicational processes and the texts produced by them: first, the communicational processes generated by the ordination and the ordinary texts; second, the communication processes of legal dogmatic, which generates the various proposals of the exhibition system; third, from the conjunction of dogmatic texts and from the jurisprudence of the courts arise the systemic texts or texts of the legal system; fourth, the communicational processes and the texts that are generated within the scope that, however, do not belong to the order or the system; and fifth, the acts (and omissions) whose legal meaning can only be understood from the frame of reference constituted by the hermeneutic axis of order / system. In all this analysis, it is necessary to differentiate - as has been pointed out - between the didactic-expository system and the legal system itself (or legal system in the strict sense). In order to carry out the proposed task, before entering into the distinction between legal order and legal system, it is convenient to deal with the differentiation between set and order.
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Conjunto, Orden, Ordenamiento, Sistema, Sistema expositivo, Sistema jurídico, Dogmática jurídica, Textos, Teoría comunicacional del derecho
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