La terminación colectiva de trabajo por motivos tecnológicos ante la implementación del chatGPT en el centro laboral en el Perú a partir del año 2022
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2024-09-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Con el crecimiento exponencial de la inteligencia artificial (IA) y la utilización del
modelo del lenguaje presente, por ejemplo, en el chatGPT, el riesgo a un
desempleo masivo en el futuro se hace cada vez más evidente. Según el reporte
de la startup Layoffs.fyi, a finales de abril de 2024, cincuenta y siete empresas
de tecnología ya han despedido a veintidós mil trescientos tres trabajadores.
Esta nueva realidad exige que el ordenamiento jurídico contemple una
regulación adecuada para el despido colectivo por motivos tecnológicos.
De esta manera, la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de demostrar que la
introducción del chatGPT en el Perú exige la modificación del marco normativo
contenido en el Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley de Productividad y
Competitividad Laboral. Esto se debe a que el marco normativo vigente podría
resultar insuficiente para garantizar los derechos de los trabajadores en el trámite
administrativo de los despidos masivos derivados del uso de la IA.
Las conclusiones a las que llega la presente investigación es que no resulta
adecuada la regulación actual de la terminación colectiva de los contratos de
trabajo por motivos tecnológicos establecida en el TUO de la LPCL por las
siguientes razones: i) no existe definición específica sobre lo que se entiende por
motivos tecnológicos, y ii) si bien el procedimiento de cese colectivo es
transversal para el motivo estructural, económico, tecnológico, la finalidad del
informe técnico pericial, solicitado por la norma como requisito, tendría que ser
distinto para motivos tecnológicos y debe ser elaborado por una empresa
auditora en sistemas de inteligencia artificial y autorizada por la Contraloría
General de la República.
With the exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of the language model present, for example, in chatGPT, the risk of mass unemployment in the future becomes increasingly evident. According to the report by the startup Layoffs.fyi, as of the end of April 2024, fifty-seven technology companies have already laid off twenty-two thousand three hundred and three workers. This new reality requires that the legal system contemplate adequate regulation for collective dismissal for technological reasons. In this way, the present research aims to demonstrate that the introduction of chatGPT in Peru requires the modification of the regulatory framework contained in the Single Ordered Text of the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law. This is because the current regulatory framework could be insufficient to guarantee the rights of workers in the administrative process of mass layoffs resulting from the use of AI. The conclusions reached by this investigation are that the current regulation of the collective termination of employment contracts for technological reasons established in the TUO of the LPCL is not appropriate for the following reasons: i) there is no specific definition of what is understood for technological reasons, and ii) although the procedure of this group is transversal for the structural, economic, technological reason, the purpose of the expert technical report, requested by the standard as a requirement, would have to be different for technological reasons and must be prepared by an auditing company in artificial intelligence systems and authorized by the Comptroller General of the Republic.
With the exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of the language model present, for example, in chatGPT, the risk of mass unemployment in the future becomes increasingly evident. According to the report by the startup Layoffs.fyi, as of the end of April 2024, fifty-seven technology companies have already laid off twenty-two thousand three hundred and three workers. This new reality requires that the legal system contemplate adequate regulation for collective dismissal for technological reasons. In this way, the present research aims to demonstrate that the introduction of chatGPT in Peru requires the modification of the regulatory framework contained in the Single Ordered Text of the Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law. This is because the current regulatory framework could be insufficient to guarantee the rights of workers in the administrative process of mass layoffs resulting from the use of AI. The conclusions reached by this investigation are that the current regulation of the collective termination of employment contracts for technological reasons established in the TUO of the LPCL is not appropriate for the following reasons: i) there is no specific definition of what is understood for technological reasons, and ii) although the procedure of this group is transversal for the structural, economic, technological reason, the purpose of the expert technical report, requested by the standard as a requirement, would have to be different for technological reasons and must be prepared by an auditing company in artificial intelligence systems and authorized by the Comptroller General of the Republic.
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Inteligencia artificial, Despido de empleados--Perú, Contratos de trabajo--Legislación--Perú
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