Calidad en el servicio al cliente de las empresas financieras en el sector microfinanciero en Lima Metropolitana
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2020-11-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Con el propósito de medir el nivel de calidad del servicio al cliente en las empresas
financieras del sector microfinanciero de Lima Metropolitana, se diseñó una investigación
descriptiva, con enfoque cuantitativo. La población del estudio incluyó a todos los clientes de
las siete Empresas Financieras que operan en el Perú (Compartamos Financiera, Financiera
Confianza, Crediscotia Financiera, Financiera Proempresa, Financiera Credinka, Financiera
Efectiva y Financiera Qapaq), las cuales cuentan con agencias en Lima Metropolitana, por lo
que se consideró infinita ya que las entidades no emiten listados de sus clientes. Si bien la
muestra estuvo integrada por 385 clientes que poseen productos de crédito en cualquiera de
estas instituciones, seleccionados de manera aleatoria, esta estuvo estratificada de forma
proporcional al tamaño de participación de mercado de las colocaciones de crédito. Se utilizó
el modelo SERVQUAL, que consiste en la aplicación de dos cuestionarios con 22 ítems cada
uno, agrupados en cinco dimensiones: (a) tangibilidad, (b) fiabilidad, (c) capacidad de
respuesta, (d) seguridad, y (e) empatía. A través de pruebas de hipótesis, combinando la
prueba ANOVA y la prueba t, al comparar las medias se logró determinar que cada una de las
cinco dimensiones mencionadas sí tiene un impacto estadísticamente significativo en el
constructo calidad del servicio al cliente. Entre todas las dimensiones, la que mostró tener
mayor impacto al ser analizadas individualmente fue la seguridad, seguida por la empatía.
También se midió el nivel de las expectativas de los clientes, que obtuvo una media de 4.90,
mientras que la percepción de la calidad alcanzó 3.86; por lo que la brecha de -1.04 que
representa la calidad del servicio al cliente. Dado que es negativa, se recomienda a las
Empresas Financieras, entre otras cosas, conducir una investigación de mercados para
conocer los requerimientos de sus clientes y poder así diseñar productos innovadores y un
servicio que permita exceder esas necesidades, y por tanto superar las expectativas.
In order to measure customer service quality on Financial Companies within the microfinance sector in Lima Metropolitan area, a descriptive investigation with a quantitative approach was designed. The target population included all the clients of the seven Financial Companies that operate in Peru (Compartamos Financiera, Financiera Confianza, Crediscotia Financiera, Financiera Proempresa, Financiera Credinka, Financiera Efectiva and Financiera Qapaq), which have offices in Lima Metropolitan area, this population was considered infinite since these institutions do not issue client lists. Whilethe sample was integrated by 385 clients who have credit products in any of these institutions and were randomly selected, this wasstratified according to the size of the loan placement market share. The SERVQUAL model was used, which consists on the application of questionnaires with 22 items grouped into five dimensions: (a) tangible elements, (b) reliability, (c) responsiveness, (d) security and (e) empathy. Through hypothesis tests, combining the ANOVA test and the t test, when comparing the averages each of the five dimensions mentioned before, these were proved to have a statistically significant impact on the quality of customer service construct. Among all the dimensions, security, followed by empathy, had the greatest impact when analyzed individually. The average expectation level is 4.90, while quality perception reached 3.86, generating a -1.04 gap which represents the quality of service. Since this gap is negative, Financial Companies are suggested to conduct a marketing research to identify their customers’ needs using this information to develop new innovative products and a service to exactly meet these needs, and thus overcome customers’ expectations.
In order to measure customer service quality on Financial Companies within the microfinance sector in Lima Metropolitan area, a descriptive investigation with a quantitative approach was designed. The target population included all the clients of the seven Financial Companies that operate in Peru (Compartamos Financiera, Financiera Confianza, Crediscotia Financiera, Financiera Proempresa, Financiera Credinka, Financiera Efectiva and Financiera Qapaq), which have offices in Lima Metropolitan area, this population was considered infinite since these institutions do not issue client lists. Whilethe sample was integrated by 385 clients who have credit products in any of these institutions and were randomly selected, this wasstratified according to the size of the loan placement market share. The SERVQUAL model was used, which consists on the application of questionnaires with 22 items grouped into five dimensions: (a) tangible elements, (b) reliability, (c) responsiveness, (d) security and (e) empathy. Through hypothesis tests, combining the ANOVA test and the t test, when comparing the averages each of the five dimensions mentioned before, these were proved to have a statistically significant impact on the quality of customer service construct. Among all the dimensions, security, followed by empathy, had the greatest impact when analyzed individually. The average expectation level is 4.90, while quality perception reached 3.86, generating a -1.04 gap which represents the quality of service. Since this gap is negative, Financial Companies are suggested to conduct a marketing research to identify their customers’ needs using this information to develop new innovative products and a service to exactly meet these needs, and thus overcome customers’ expectations.
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Calidad del servicio al cliente, Instituciones financieras--Lima Metropolitana
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