Transparencia corporativa en empresas del sector de seguros
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2020-02-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo medir el nivel de Transparencia
Corporativa en el mercado asegurador peruano mediante la propuesta de un modelo, basado
en la metodología del manual Handbook on Constructing Composite de la Organización para
la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico y validado por los modelos IDN & KPMG de Chile,
TRAC Brasil e IBEX 35 de España, así como por la reglamentación de Solvencia II.
Así mismo, la propuesta está respaldada por la opinión de cinco expertos con más de
diez años de experiencia en el sector de seguros del Perú, desempeñando cargos de jefatura,
gerencia y directivos, en áreas como siniestros, técnica actuarial, procesos, calidad, atención
al cliente, administración y finanzas, así como por fuentes regulatorias e institucionales.
El modelo consta de información estructurada que, en general, analiza la
Transparencia Corporativa como la divulgación de información relevante de las compañías
del sector de seguros hacia sus stakeholders. Contempla 6 dimensiones conformadas por 24
variables, de las cuales 18 fueron validadas por los tres modelos antes mencionados y 6
extraídas de la reglamentación Solvencia II, las cuales son: a) cálculo de provisiones, b)
política de inversiones, c) cálculo de capital, d) transparencia, e) información al ente
supervisor y público, f) auditoría y función actuarial. Solvencia II es una directiva europea
dirigida al mercado asegurador que garantiza que la aseguradora tendrá los fondos suficientes
para cubrir todo tipo de riesgos. Nació con el objetivo de proteger al asegurado y garantizar la
sostenibilidad de las compañías de seguros al establecer procesos de capitalización basados
en riesgos.
Con respecto a la aplicación del modelo, cada experto sugirió un peso para cada
variable de las dimensiones, en función al grado de importancia estimado . Es así como la
suma de los pesos de las variables dio como resultado 100, determinando una ponderación
como margen total de 100. Por ejemplo, según los expertos, la ponderación promedio de la
variable Estados Financieros es 70; por consiguiente, respecto al total de las variables
aplicadas, se obtuvo un factor de 11.67. Dicho factor representa el peso de la variable con
relación al modelo. Posteriormente, mediante la aplicación del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, que resultó en 0.95, se demostró que las ponderaciones de las variables del instrumento son
consistentes y confiables.
Con el fin de validar la propuesta, se elaboró un instrumento de medición en donde se
revisó el contenido de fuentes primarias y secundarias de las 10 principales aseguradoras del
Perú, que son Mapfre Seguros, Protecta, Crecer Seguros, Rimac Seguros, Chubb Seguros, la
Positiva Seguros, Vida Cámara, Interseguro, Pacífico Vida Seguros y BNP Paribas Cardif.
Así mismo, se revisó el contenido de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima, la SBS, la Memoria
Anual, el Diario Oficial, APESEG, portales de internet, páginas sociales e intranet.
Para cada empresa de la muestra, se estableció una clasificación dicotómica de “sí” y
“no”, en donde cada aseguradora obtuvo un puntaje total equivalente al resultado de su índice
de Transparencia Corporativa. El promedio del índice de la muestra resultó en 79.6 de un
máximo de 100, lo cual indicó que las empresas muestran un nivel bueno de Transparencia
Corporativa, dado que la divulgación de información es de carácter obligatorio.
Finalmente, de una muestra de diez aseguradoras, se determinó que las empresas que
obtuvieron la mayor puntuación en el índice de Transparencia Corporativa fueron Rímac con
96 puntos, Pacífico con 96 puntos y Mapfre Seguros con 88.33 puntos. A su vez, se observó
que cinco empresas arrojaron un índice de Transparencia Corporativa por debajo del
promedio, debido a las bajas puntuaciones obtenidas en las dimensiones de Responsabilidad
Social y Medio Ambiental, Ética, Integridad y Rendición de Cuentas.
The purpose of this research is to measure the level of Corporate Transparency in the Peruvian insurance market, by developing a model based on the methodology of the Handbook on Constructing Composite of OCDE and validated by IDN & KPMG models from Chile, TRAC Brazil, IBEX 35 model from Spain as well as Solvency II regulations. The proposal is supported by the opinion of five experts who have more than ten years of managerial and executive positions in insurance companies, such as Mapfre Seguros, Positiva Seguros, Interseguros and Protecta, working for claims, actuarial technique, processes, quality, customer service, administration and finance departments, and by institutional websites and regulatory bodies. In addition, the proposal consists of structured information that analyzes Corporate Transparency as disclosure of relevant information from insurance companies towards their stakeholders. It considers 6 dimensions and 24 variables, of which 18 were validated by the mentioned models, meanwhile 6 were taken from Solvency II regulations, which are: a) calculation of provisions, b) investment policy, c) capital calculation, d) transparency, e) information to the supervisory and public entity, f) audit and actuarial function. Solvency II is a European directive addressed to the insurance market that guarantees that the insurer will have enough funds to cover all types of risks. Regarding the application of the proposed model, each expert suggested a weight for each variable within the dimensions according to their estimated degree of importance. The sum of the variables resulted in 100 and a weighting was determined as a total margin of 100. For instance, for Financial Statements variable, the average weighting was 70 and a factor of 11.67 was obtained, which represented the weight of the variable in relation to the model. By applying the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient per dimension and model, a factor of 0.95 was obtained, which demonstrated that the weights of the variables were consistent and reliable. In order to validate the proposal, a measuring instrument was developed by reviewing the content of primary and secondary sources, such as BVL, SBS, the Annual Report, Diario Oficial, APESEG, web portals, social sites and intranet. Likewise, the insurance companies evaluated were Mapfre Seguros, Protecta, Crecer Seguros, Rimac Seguros, Chubb Seguros, Positiva Seguros, Vida Cámara, Interseguro, Pacífico Vida Seguros y BNP Paribas Cardif. For each company in the sample, a dichotomous classification of “yes” or “no” was established, where each insurer obtained a total score equivalent to the result of its Corporate Transparency index. The average of the sample index was 79.6, out of 100, which indicated that the insurance companies showed a good level of Corporate Transparency, given that the disclosure of information is mandatory. Then, it was determined that, out of a sample of ten companies, the ones that obtained a higher Corporate Transparency index score were Rimac Seguros with 96 points, Pacífico Seguros with 96 points and Mapfre Seguros with 88.33 points. It was also observed that five companies showed a Corporate Transparency index below the average, due to their low scores in the dimensions of Social and Environmental Responsibility, Ethics, Integrity and Accountability.
The purpose of this research is to measure the level of Corporate Transparency in the Peruvian insurance market, by developing a model based on the methodology of the Handbook on Constructing Composite of OCDE and validated by IDN & KPMG models from Chile, TRAC Brazil, IBEX 35 model from Spain as well as Solvency II regulations. The proposal is supported by the opinion of five experts who have more than ten years of managerial and executive positions in insurance companies, such as Mapfre Seguros, Positiva Seguros, Interseguros and Protecta, working for claims, actuarial technique, processes, quality, customer service, administration and finance departments, and by institutional websites and regulatory bodies. In addition, the proposal consists of structured information that analyzes Corporate Transparency as disclosure of relevant information from insurance companies towards their stakeholders. It considers 6 dimensions and 24 variables, of which 18 were validated by the mentioned models, meanwhile 6 were taken from Solvency II regulations, which are: a) calculation of provisions, b) investment policy, c) capital calculation, d) transparency, e) information to the supervisory and public entity, f) audit and actuarial function. Solvency II is a European directive addressed to the insurance market that guarantees that the insurer will have enough funds to cover all types of risks. Regarding the application of the proposed model, each expert suggested a weight for each variable within the dimensions according to their estimated degree of importance. The sum of the variables resulted in 100 and a weighting was determined as a total margin of 100. For instance, for Financial Statements variable, the average weighting was 70 and a factor of 11.67 was obtained, which represented the weight of the variable in relation to the model. By applying the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient per dimension and model, a factor of 0.95 was obtained, which demonstrated that the weights of the variables were consistent and reliable. In order to validate the proposal, a measuring instrument was developed by reviewing the content of primary and secondary sources, such as BVL, SBS, the Annual Report, Diario Oficial, APESEG, web portals, social sites and intranet. Likewise, the insurance companies evaluated were Mapfre Seguros, Protecta, Crecer Seguros, Rimac Seguros, Chubb Seguros, Positiva Seguros, Vida Cámara, Interseguro, Pacífico Vida Seguros y BNP Paribas Cardif. For each company in the sample, a dichotomous classification of “yes” or “no” was established, where each insurer obtained a total score equivalent to the result of its Corporate Transparency index. The average of the sample index was 79.6, out of 100, which indicated that the insurance companies showed a good level of Corporate Transparency, given that the disclosure of information is mandatory. Then, it was determined that, out of a sample of ten companies, the ones that obtained a higher Corporate Transparency index score were Rimac Seguros with 96 points, Pacífico Seguros with 96 points and Mapfre Seguros with 88.33 points. It was also observed that five companies showed a Corporate Transparency index below the average, due to their low scores in the dimensions of Social and Environmental Responsibility, Ethics, Integrity and Accountability.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Transparencia corporativa--Perú, Indicadores sociales--Perú, Indicadores económicos--Perú, Sector seguros--Perú
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item.page.review
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