Malentretenidos hombres de bien: el fracaso de la reforma del ocio popular, 1784-1821
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2024-08-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A fines del siglo XVIII, el ocio popular limeño fue objeto de un renovado esfuerzo de
vigilancia por parte de los funcionarios coloniales. Esta política se enmarcó en un más
amplio intento de la monarquía por implantar medidas policiales que permitan un mayor
nivel de control sobre sus súbditos. A nivel local, sin embargo, esta política tenía pocos
adeptos: una pequeña y ávida de puestos élite ilustrada, producto de la segunda mitad del
siglo. Al concentrarse en el intento de control sobre los establecimientos populares de
ocio cotidiano, esta investigación analiza cómo, antes que temerosas de la plebe, y por
tanto aliadas de las medidas de policía, el grueso de las élites de poder local se mostró
contrario a la aplicación de la nueva reglamentación por considerarla opuesta a sus
intereses económicos y sociales. Este rechazo benefició a la plebe de la ciudad, que supo
utilizar sus lazos personales para escapar del rigor policial, tanto en las calles como en las
cortes. La coincidencia de intereses entre ambos grupos es la que explica el fracaso de
dicha reforma.
At the end of the 18th century, popular Lima leisure activities were the subject of a renewed effort of surveillance by colonial officials. This policy was part of a broader attempt by the monarchy to implement police measures that allow a greater level of control over its subjects. At the local level, however, this policy had few followers: a small and position-hungry enlightened elite, a product of the second half of the century. By focusing on the attempt to control popular everyday leisure establishments, this research analyzes how, rather than fearing the plebs, and therefore allies of police measures, the bulk of the local power elites were opposed to the application of the new regulations because they consider it contrary to their economic and social interests. This rejection benefited the city's plebs, who knew how to use their personal ties to escape police rigor, both on the streets and in the courts. The coincidence of interests between both groups is what explains the failure of said reform.
At the end of the 18th century, popular Lima leisure activities were the subject of a renewed effort of surveillance by colonial officials. This policy was part of a broader attempt by the monarchy to implement police measures that allow a greater level of control over its subjects. At the local level, however, this policy had few followers: a small and position-hungry enlightened elite, a product of the second half of the century. By focusing on the attempt to control popular everyday leisure establishments, this research analyzes how, rather than fearing the plebs, and therefore allies of police measures, the bulk of the local power elites were opposed to the application of the new regulations because they consider it contrary to their economic and social interests. This rejection benefited the city's plebs, who knew how to use their personal ties to escape police rigor, both on the streets and in the courts. The coincidence of interests between both groups is what explains the failure of said reform.
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Espacios públicos--Perú--Lima--Siglo XVIII, Lima--Vida social y costumbres--Siglo XVIII
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