Las implicancias de la disponibilidad de los servicios de cuidado infantil en las trayectorias educativas y laborales de las mujeres madres de familia en un contexto de precariedad urbana
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Date
2024-09-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo surge de la preocupación por la delegación de trabajos no
remunerados, como el trabajo doméstico y de cuidado, a las mujeres, lo que
compromete sus trayectorias educativas y laborales. Así, esta investigación busca
explorar las implicancias de la disponibilidad o falta de disponibilidad de los servicios
de cunas en las trayectorias sociales de las mujeres en un contexto de precariedad
urbana. Se partirá de la hipótesis de que existe un costo social producido por la
ausencia de servicios de cuidado infantil que tiene un efecto negativo en las
trayectorias educativas y laborales de las mujeres dentro de la unidad familiar,
contribuyendo a una trasmisión intergeneracional de la pobreza.
A partir de una metodología cualitativa y exploratoria, se concluye que las
mujeres en situación de precariedad ya de por sí asumen una serie de tareas
domésticas y de cuidado mientras se desempeñan en trabajos informales y flexibles,
por lo que la decisión de quedarse en casa para asumir las nuevas tareas que surgen
con la maternidad no representaría una mayor ruptura. Además, las madres viven en
un contexto de inseguridad donde no se sienten cómodas delegando el cuidado de
sus hijos y no logran confiar en los servicios de cuidado infantil debido a malas
experiencias individuales, de conocidos y casos que vieron en medios de
comunicación. De esta manera, el impacto en las trayectorias sociales de las madres
no surge de la falta de disponibilidad de servicios de cuidado infantil, sino de la
situación de precariedad generalizada que las lleva a no poder confiar en ellos.
This work arises from concern about the delegation of unpaid work, such as domestic and care work, to women, which compromises their educational and work trajectories. Thus, this research seeks to explore the implications of the availability or lack of availability of crib services on the social trajectories of women in a context of urban precariousness. It will be based on the hypothesis that there is a social cost produced by the absence of childcare services that has a negative effect on the educational and work trajectories of women within the family unit, contributing to an intergenerational transmission of poverty. Based on a qualitative and exploratory methodology, it is concluded that women in precarious situations already assume a series of domestic and care tasks while working in informal and flexible jobs, so the decision to stay at home to taking on the new tasks that arise with motherhood would not represent a major break. Furthermore, mothers live in a context of insecurity where they do not feel comfortable delegating the care of their children and cannot trust childcare services due to bad individual experiences, acquaintances, and cases they saw in the media. In this way, the impact on mothers' social trajectories does not arise from the lack of availability of childcare services, but rather the situation of general precariousness that leads them to not be able to trust them.
This work arises from concern about the delegation of unpaid work, such as domestic and care work, to women, which compromises their educational and work trajectories. Thus, this research seeks to explore the implications of the availability or lack of availability of crib services on the social trajectories of women in a context of urban precariousness. It will be based on the hypothesis that there is a social cost produced by the absence of childcare services that has a negative effect on the educational and work trajectories of women within the family unit, contributing to an intergenerational transmission of poverty. Based on a qualitative and exploratory methodology, it is concluded that women in precarious situations already assume a series of domestic and care tasks while working in informal and flexible jobs, so the decision to stay at home to taking on the new tasks that arise with motherhood would not represent a major break. Furthermore, mothers live in a context of insecurity where they do not feel comfortable delegating the care of their children and cannot trust childcare services due to bad individual experiences, acquaintances, and cases they saw in the media. In this way, the impact on mothers' social trajectories does not arise from the lack of availability of childcare services, but rather the situation of general precariousness that leads them to not be able to trust them.
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Keywords
Cuidado de niños--Perú--San Juan de Miraflores (Lima : Distrito), Conciliación de la vida laboral y personal--Perú--San Juan de Miraflores (Lima : Distrito), Mujeres--Empleo--Perú--San Juan de Miraflores (Lima : Distrito), Mujeres--Educación--San Juan de Miraflores (Lima : Distrito), Empleo precario--Perú--San Juan de Miraflores (Lima : Distrito)
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