Cinco Factores Explicativos de la Protesta Social: El Caso de la “Ley Pulpín” en Jóvenes de Lima Metropolitana
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2022-06-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las vivencias de los participantes del
estudio, jóvenes que hayan participado en al menos una de las marchas en contra de la
“Ley Pulpín”. Para ello se parte del modelo de cinco factores explicativos de la acción de
protesta propuestos por Van Stekelenburg y Klandermans (2013). Debido a la naturaleza
misma de la identidad, y ser esta una vivencia única, individual y subjetiva, se abordó la
investigación bajo un diseño cualitativo bajo un marco epistemológico fenomenológico
desde una variación interpretativa. Se entrevistó a veinte personas que participaron en la
mencionada marcha, y cada entrevista fue analizada desde los cinco factores explicativos
del modelo: la queja, las emociones, eficacia, arraigo social e identidad. Según lo
encontrado se confirma su pertinencia para comprender la participación sostenida de los
jóvenes en las marchas, y en rol que juega la identidad a lo largo del proceso. Las redes
sociales contribuyen a la elaboración y difusión de la queja y a fortalecer la noción de un
arraigo social. De mismo modo, se evidenció que la ira y el miedo son las emociones
más frecuentes y estas afectan a la noción de eficacia siendo la ira un intensificador de la
acción de protesta y el miedo un mitigador de la misma. Otras variables como la edad o
la experiencia previa en manifestaciones afectaron el impacto de la participación en la
marcha sobre la identidad de cada participante.
The objective of this research is to analyze the experiences of the study participants, young people who have participated in at least one of the marches against the “Pulpín Law”. To do so, we start from on the model of five explanatory factors of the protest action proposed by Van Stekelenburg and Klandermans (2013. Due to the nature itself of identity, and this being a unique, individual and subjective experience, the research was approached under a qualitative design under a phenomenological epistemological framework from an interpretative variation. Twenty people who participated in the aforementioned march were interviewed, and each interview was analyzed from the five explanatory factors of Van Stekelenburg and Klandermans: grievances, emotions, efficacy, social embeddedness and identity. The findings confirm their relevance to understand the sustained participation of young people in the marches, and the role that identity plays throughout the process. Social media contribute to the elaboration and dissemination of grievance and to strengthening the notion of social embeddedness. Similarly, it was evidenced that anger and fear are the most frequent emotions and these affect the notion of effectiveness, anger being an intensifier of protest action and fear a mitigator of it. Other variables such as age or previous experience in demonstrations affected the impact of participation in the march on the identity of each participant.
The objective of this research is to analyze the experiences of the study participants, young people who have participated in at least one of the marches against the “Pulpín Law”. To do so, we start from on the model of five explanatory factors of the protest action proposed by Van Stekelenburg and Klandermans (2013. Due to the nature itself of identity, and this being a unique, individual and subjective experience, the research was approached under a qualitative design under a phenomenological epistemological framework from an interpretative variation. Twenty people who participated in the aforementioned march were interviewed, and each interview was analyzed from the five explanatory factors of Van Stekelenburg and Klandermans: grievances, emotions, efficacy, social embeddedness and identity. The findings confirm their relevance to understand the sustained participation of young people in the marches, and the role that identity plays throughout the process. Social media contribute to the elaboration and dissemination of grievance and to strengthening the notion of social embeddedness. Similarly, it was evidenced that anger and fear are the most frequent emotions and these affect the notion of effectiveness, anger being an intensifier of protest action and fear a mitigator of it. Other variables such as age or previous experience in demonstrations affected the impact of participation in the march on the identity of each participant.
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Jóvenes--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Movimientos de protesta, Conflictos laborales, Redes sociales, Identidad
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