Explorando los ecosistemas de la sierra piurana : estudio del potencial turístico del distrito de Frías provincia de Ayabaca, e identificación de las principales líneas de gestión
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2016-08-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el Perú, pese al crecimiento económico de los últimos años, aún persiste el problema de la baja calidad de vida de un porcentaje considerable de la población, que ha sido generada por la situación de pobreza en la que se encuentran. Uno de los grupos humanos que aún tiene esta baja calidad de vida son los pequeños agricultores y ganaderos de comunidades de la zona alto andina del país. Ese es el caso de los agricultores y ganaderos del distrito de Frías, un distrito rural de la serranía piurana, quienes, a pesar de que el crecimiento económico y social (reflejado en el IDH) del departamento de Piura es ascendente en los últimos 10 años, han mostrado un decrecimiento económico y social. En ese sentido, es necesario buscar alternativas que funcionen adecuadamente en estos espacios y complementen los ingresos que estos pobladores puedan obtener de la actividad agropecuaria, como –por ejemplo- el turismo. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar un modelo de gestión turística que conserve el medio ambiente y genere empleo y que pueda ser replicado en otras zonas del Perú con características similares a Frías, con la finalidad de contribuir al desarrollo territorial del país. Se trabajó con una metodología basada en los lineamientos de la Geografía del Turismo y con métodos cualitativos, como los SIG, la entrevista, el inventario turístico y el FODA (fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas), y métodos cuantitativos como la encuesta y el análisis multicriterio. El procedimiento seguido fue realizar una investigación previa de las características del distrito de Frías para luego poder aplicar talleres para recolectar información acerca de los recursos turísticos; encuestas para conocer la percepción de los locales acerca del turismo y entrevistas a actores claves para el desarrollo de la actividad turística, como a la dueña del principal restaurante local. Luego con ayuda del software ArcGis 10.0 se ensayó una zonificación de los recursos turísticos identificados; además, se evaluó el estado de la infraestructura que sirve de apoyo al turismo como los hospedajes, restaurantes y las vías terrestres. Finalmente con estos datos se realizó el análisis multicriterio y el análisis FODA para la actividad turística en el distrito. Como resultado, se obtuvo que el distrito posee 10 recursos turísticos que se concentran principalmente en el sector 2, aunque el recurso de mayor extensión (la Meseta Andina) se encuentra el sector 4 o también denominado, zona alta. De estos recursos, 5 tienen un potencial fuerte para convertirse en atractivos turísticos mientras que 3 de ellos solo muestran un potencial moderado. Mediante el análisis se confirmó que de estos cinco recursos cuatro poseen el potencial de ofrecerse como productos ecoturísticos e, incluso, uno de ellos como producto agroturístico. También el análisis multicriterio demostró que es el sector 2 el que tiene más potencial turístico. Además, con ayuda del SIG y el trabajo de campo, se identificó que el distrito en conjunto tiene potencial para desarrollar el agroturismo basado en
plantas medicinales en diferentes zonas por la facilidad con la que crecen de manera silvestre y cultivada en los diferentes terrenos. En el caso de la encuesta de percepción, esta dio como resultado general que la mayoría de encuestados pueden formar parte del factor humano adecuado para el desarrollo de la actividad turística; sin embargo, hace falta información y capacitación de los mismos en las distintas líneas de acción del ecoturismo y del turismo rural, en general. Finalmente, entre los principales actores identificados para participar en la gestión turística del distrito son la población, la municipalidad, artesanos y tejedores, agricultores y ganaderos, ONG’s e instituciones académicas. No se ha incluido a operadores de turismo porque se busca que la población auto gestione las actividades. En conclusión, el distrito de Frías presenta un potencial turístico de moderado a fuerte que puede ser aprovechado para la generación de renta para sus pobladores mediante la autogestión de los recursos y la infraestructura. Además, la actividad turística no compite con las otras actividades desarrolladas en el distrito sino que las complementa dentro del calendario de actividades económicas. Por lo tanto, las zonas turísticas del distrito de Frías son espacios que deben ser considerados como zonas complementarias de desarrollo económico – territorial local.
In Peru, despite economic growth of recent years, there is still the problem of low quality of life of a significant percentage of the population that has been generated by poverty. One of the human groups that still has this low quality of life is the small farmers in the high Andean communities of the country. This is the case of the farmers in the district of Frías, a rural district of the Piura highlands, who have shown an economic and social decline, despite the economic and social growth (reflected in the HDI) of Piura is rising in the last 10 years. In that sense, it is necessary to find alternatives that work properly in these areas and complement the income that these people can get from farming, such as tourism. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to identify a tourism management model that conserves the environment and create jobs and that can be replicated in other areas of Peru with similar characteristics as Frias, in order to contribute to territorial development. Methodology has been based on the guidelines of the Geography of Tourism and qualitative methods such as GIS, interviews, inventory of touristic resources and SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), and quantitative methods as the survey and multi-criteria analysis. The procedure was to conduct a preliminary investigation of the characteristics of the district of Frias and to apply workshops to gather information about tourism resources; perception surveys to know the local perception of tourism and interviews with main actors who could develop tourism, as the owner of the local restaurant. After, by using the software ArcGis 10.0, a landscape map was developed and a zoning of tourism resources identified was tested. In addition, the state of the infrastructure that supports tourism as accommodation, restaurants and the roads were evaluated. Finally, with these data, the multi-criteria analysis and SWOT for tourism in the district was made. The result obtained was that the district has 10 tourism resources that are mainly concentrated in its middle sector, sector 2, although the one with a greater extension (Andean Plateau) is in the upper area, sector 4. Of these resources, five have a strong potential to become tourist attractions while three of them show only a moderate potential. Through the analysis it was confirmed that four resources have the potential to be offered as ecotourism products and even one of them as agrotourism product. Also the multi-criteria analysis showed that sector 2 was the zone with more tourism potential in the district. In addition, with the help of GIS and fieldwork, it was identified that the district as a whole has potential to develop agrotourism based on medicinal plants in different areas because they easily grow wild or cultivated in different zones. In the case of the perception survey, this led to the general result that most respondents can be part of adequate human factor for the development of tourism; however, they need information and training in different lines of action of ecotourism and rural tourism. Finally, among the main actors identified to participate in the tourist district management are the population,the municipality, artisans and weavers, farmers, NGO and academic institutions. Tour operators have not been included because this model pursues the self-manage of the population of their resources. In conclusion, the district of Frias has a moderate to strong tourism potential that can be harnessed to generate income for its residents through self-management of resources and infrastructure. In addition, tourism doesn’t compete with other activities in the district, it complements them in the calendar of economic activities. For that reason, the tourist areas in the district of Frías are spaces that should be considered as complementary areas of local economic and territorial development.
In Peru, despite economic growth of recent years, there is still the problem of low quality of life of a significant percentage of the population that has been generated by poverty. One of the human groups that still has this low quality of life is the small farmers in the high Andean communities of the country. This is the case of the farmers in the district of Frías, a rural district of the Piura highlands, who have shown an economic and social decline, despite the economic and social growth (reflected in the HDI) of Piura is rising in the last 10 years. In that sense, it is necessary to find alternatives that work properly in these areas and complement the income that these people can get from farming, such as tourism. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to identify a tourism management model that conserves the environment and create jobs and that can be replicated in other areas of Peru with similar characteristics as Frias, in order to contribute to territorial development. Methodology has been based on the guidelines of the Geography of Tourism and qualitative methods such as GIS, interviews, inventory of touristic resources and SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), and quantitative methods as the survey and multi-criteria analysis. The procedure was to conduct a preliminary investigation of the characteristics of the district of Frias and to apply workshops to gather information about tourism resources; perception surveys to know the local perception of tourism and interviews with main actors who could develop tourism, as the owner of the local restaurant. After, by using the software ArcGis 10.0, a landscape map was developed and a zoning of tourism resources identified was tested. In addition, the state of the infrastructure that supports tourism as accommodation, restaurants and the roads were evaluated. Finally, with these data, the multi-criteria analysis and SWOT for tourism in the district was made. The result obtained was that the district has 10 tourism resources that are mainly concentrated in its middle sector, sector 2, although the one with a greater extension (Andean Plateau) is in the upper area, sector 4. Of these resources, five have a strong potential to become tourist attractions while three of them show only a moderate potential. Through the analysis it was confirmed that four resources have the potential to be offered as ecotourism products and even one of them as agrotourism product. Also the multi-criteria analysis showed that sector 2 was the zone with more tourism potential in the district. In addition, with the help of GIS and fieldwork, it was identified that the district as a whole has potential to develop agrotourism based on medicinal plants in different areas because they easily grow wild or cultivated in different zones. In the case of the perception survey, this led to the general result that most respondents can be part of adequate human factor for the development of tourism; however, they need information and training in different lines of action of ecotourism and rural tourism. Finally, among the main actors identified to participate in the tourist district management are the population,the municipality, artisans and weavers, farmers, NGO and academic institutions. Tour operators have not been included because this model pursues the self-manage of the population of their resources. In conclusion, the district of Frias has a moderate to strong tourism potential that can be harnessed to generate income for its residents through self-management of resources and infrastructure. In addition, tourism doesn’t compete with other activities in the district, it complements them in the calendar of economic activities. For that reason, the tourist areas in the district of Frías are spaces that should be considered as complementary areas of local economic and territorial development.
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Ecosistemas--Perú--Piura, Turismo--Perú--Piura, Frías (Perú)--Condiciones económicas
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