Las cuentas durante el colonialismo español en los Andes peruanos
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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En este estudio, examino las cuentas prehispánicas y europeas recuperadas de varios sitios arqueológicos ocupados durante el colonialismo español temprano a lo largo los Andes peruanos. Al hacer esto, sitúo tales materiales e interacciones en la historia extensiva de las redes sociales andinas y europeas. Demuestro que la presencia de las cuentas europeas en sitios arqueológicos o en contextos dentro de dichos sitios no indica que directamente estas les pertenecieran a los europeos. Además, a partir de las varias teorías sobre valor por David Graeber, Mary Helms y Karl Marx, junto con ideas acerca del carácter híbrido de lo colonial, argumento que las cuentas prehispánicas de la concha de Spondylus y cuentas europeas eran similarmente valuadas debido a la acción invertida en su adquisición de tierras lejanas y orígenes únicos. Además, sostengo que el uso contemporáneo de las cuentas prehispánicas y europeas en las formas de intercambio, vestimenta y prácticas funerarias contribuyeron con las creencias y prácticas andinas y europeas al adquirir significados distintos. Estas actividades, con sus significados cambiantes, influían en la formación de nuevas identidades culturales, y conformaba los valores sociales de los andinos y europeos en un entorno español colonial emergente en los Andes.
In this study, I examine pre-Hispanic and European beads from a variety of early Spanish colonial archaeological sites throughout the Peruvian Andes. I situate these materials and interactions within the history of Andean and European social networks. I demonstrate that the presence of European beads at specific archaeological sites —or contexts within sites— does not indicate that they directly belonged to European people, but were often incorporated into traditional Andean practices. Moreover, by engaging with theories of value and colonial hybridity, I argue that pre-Hispanic Spondylus shell and European glass beads were similarly valued due to the action invested in their acquisition from distant and unique places of origin. I further illustrate how the contemporaneous use of European and pre-Hispanic beads in forms of exchange, dress, and burial practices contributed to Andean and European beliefs and practices acquiring distinct meanings. These activities, with their changing significances, influenced the formation of new cultural identities and shaped Andean and European social values.
In this study, I examine pre-Hispanic and European beads from a variety of early Spanish colonial archaeological sites throughout the Peruvian Andes. I situate these materials and interactions within the history of Andean and European social networks. I demonstrate that the presence of European beads at specific archaeological sites —or contexts within sites— does not indicate that they directly belonged to European people, but were often incorporated into traditional Andean practices. Moreover, by engaging with theories of value and colonial hybridity, I argue that pre-Hispanic Spondylus shell and European glass beads were similarly valued due to the action invested in their acquisition from distant and unique places of origin. I further illustrate how the contemporaneous use of European and pre-Hispanic beads in forms of exchange, dress, and burial practices contributed to Andean and European beliefs and practices acquiring distinct meanings. These activities, with their changing significances, influenced the formation of new cultural identities and shaped Andean and European social values.
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Cuentas, Andes, Valor, Colonialismo, Hibridez, Beads, Andes, Value, Colonialism, Hybridity
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