Barridos censales focalizados; nueva metodología que optimiza el levantamiento de la información de la clasificación socioeconómica a cargo de las unidades locales de empadronamiento
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2024-02-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
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El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la política de focalización de hogares
en el Perú, que forma parte del Sistema de Focalización de Hogares (SISFOH). A
través de este análisis, se identifica como punto crítico el proceso de recolección
de información para la determinación de la Clasificación Socioeconómica (CSE),
debido a la existencia de potenciales riesgos de subcobertura y filtración.
Actualmente, el SISFOH cuenta con una metodología que busca coberturar a la
población y otorgarle una CSE de pobre, pobre extremo y no pobre. La actual
metodología es a demanda, lo que implica que las personas que una CSE
acuden a las ULEs de los municipios para obtenerla. El análisis realizado en esta
investigación muestra que hay razones por la que esta metodología no está
llegando, en su totalidad, a la población más necesitada.
A partir de este problema, la investigación plantea como propuesta innovadora
una nueva metodología para la recogida de la Clasificación Socioeconómica,
implementado “barridos”, pero ante la imposibilidad de hacerlo en toda la
población, se propone que se formalice en algunos lugares donde la probabilidad
de ser pobre sea muy alta. En el ejercicio propuesto para Lima Metropolitana, se
utilizaron los Planos Estratificados de Lima Metropolitana a nivel de manzana
2020 (INEI, 2020) como mecanismo para la priorización de las zonas de donde
se podría implementar el barrido. La innovación también propone el uso de un
mecanismo que ayuda a georreferenciar los hogares al momento de ser visitados
para obtener la CSE y un visualizador de información que permita registrar el
avance de la obtención de la CSE en un distrito, lo cual optimizará la
administración de los datos de los hogares coberturados en cada distrito del país.
This research paper analyzes the household targeting policy in Peru, which is part of the Household Targeting System (SISFOH in Spanish). Through this analysis, we identify as a critical point the process of collecting information for the determination of the Socioeconomic Classification (CSE in Spanish), due to the existence of potential risks of undercoverage and leakage. Currently, the SISFOH has a methodology that seeks to cover the population and grant them a SES of poor, extremely poor and non-poor. The current methodology is on-demand, which implies that people who need a CSE go to the ULEs in the municipalities to obtain it. The analysis carried out in this research shows that there are reasons why this methodology is not reaching, in its entirety, the neediest population. Based on this problem, the research proposes as an innovative proposal a new methodology for the collection of the Socioeconomic Classification, implementing "sweeps", but given that it is impossible to do it in the entire population, it is proposed that it be formalized in some places where the probability of being poor is very high. In the exercise proposed for Metropolitan Lima, the Stratified Plans of Metropolitan Lima at the block level 2020 (INEI, 2020) were used as a mechanism for the prioritization of areas where the sweep could be implemented. The innovation also proposes the use of a mechanism that helps to georeference households when they are visited to obtain the CSE and an information viewer that allows recording the progress of obtaining the CSE in a district, which will optimize the management of data on households covered in each district of the country.
This research paper analyzes the household targeting policy in Peru, which is part of the Household Targeting System (SISFOH in Spanish). Through this analysis, we identify as a critical point the process of collecting information for the determination of the Socioeconomic Classification (CSE in Spanish), due to the existence of potential risks of undercoverage and leakage. Currently, the SISFOH has a methodology that seeks to cover the population and grant them a SES of poor, extremely poor and non-poor. The current methodology is on-demand, which implies that people who need a CSE go to the ULEs in the municipalities to obtain it. The analysis carried out in this research shows that there are reasons why this methodology is not reaching, in its entirety, the neediest population. Based on this problem, the research proposes as an innovative proposal a new methodology for the collection of the Socioeconomic Classification, implementing "sweeps", but given that it is impossible to do it in the entire population, it is proposed that it be formalized in some places where the probability of being poor is very high. In the exercise proposed for Metropolitan Lima, the Stratified Plans of Metropolitan Lima at the block level 2020 (INEI, 2020) were used as a mechanism for the prioritization of areas where the sweep could be implemented. The innovation also proposes the use of a mechanism that helps to georeference households when they are visited to obtain the CSE and an information viewer that allows recording the progress of obtaining the CSE in a district, which will optimize the management of data on households covered in each district of the country.
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Encuestas de hogares--Perú--Lima Metropolitana--Metodología, Pobreza--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Gobierno municipal--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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