Estudio de la distribución geográfica y ecológica del "suri" (Rhea pennata) en el área de conservación regional Vilacota Maure (Tacna, Perú)
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2019-05-28
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las dinámicas del sobrepastoreo, la construcción de centros poblados, la cacería furtiva, entre otros
hechos, han llevado a una especie singular de la avifauna andina al borde de la extinción local. Se trata
del suri (Rhea pennata, D’Orbigny, 1834). Ésta es una especie de ave no voladora que habita en las
zonas del altiplano sudamericano, de un tamaño promedio de poco más de un metro de alto.
Emparentada con el avestruz africana, con el emú australiano y con el casuario neozelandés, las
especies del género Rhea son las aves de mayor tamaño de todo el continente. Se tiene conocimiento
de que la especie puede presentar hasta menos de 400 ejemplares en el territorio nacional. El Primer
Censo Nacional del Suri permitió conocer cuán amenazada estaba esta especie al interior de nuestro
país. A partir de ello, la realización concienzuda de políticas regionales, como la implementación del
Área de Conservación Regional Vilacota Maure, han permitido que se lleven a cabo avances en lo que
refiere a la conservación: una porción importante de la población de esta especie se encuentra en el área
natural protegida ya mencionada.
Pese a los mencionados esfuerzos de preservar de la extinción a R. pennata, es pertinente la realización
de investigaciones que permitan manejar los rangos de distribución de ésta, a fin de coadyuvar con su
conservación, tal que se evite la extinción local de tan singular especie en el territorio peruano. La
presente investigación apunta a poder determinar la situación actual de R. pennata al interior del Área
de Conservación Regional Vilacota Maure, tanto ecológica como geográfica; identificar la forma en la
que las poblaciones humanas actúan como un limitante de la distribución del suri; y, por medio, de la
utilización del coeficiente de máxima entropía (MaxEnt), estimar la distribución potencial de esta
especie al interior del Área de Conservación Regional.
No obstante los esfuerzos realizados, siguen existiendo dinámicas de pastoreo auquénido en el interior
del Área de Conservación Regional Vilacota Maure que se dan de forma tal que suponen una amenaza
para esta especie de ave. Los centros poblados se encuentran muy cerca de las zonas donde Rhea
pennata puede distribuirse mejor, puesto que -por citar un ejemplo- se encuentran a poca distancia de
los bofedales, que emplea la especie estudiada para poder alimentarse de las plantas tiernas que ahí
crecen y beber agua. La especie en cuestión rehúye al ser humano y prefiere mantenerse lejos de éste.
Esta aparente competencia entre las dos especies podría suponer una traba a los esfuerzos constantes
realizados por el Gobierno Regional de Tacna.
Con poblaciones que se extienden por las regiones altoandinas de Chile, Bolivia, Argentina y Perú,
Rhea es el único género de la familia Struthionidae que ocurre en el continente americano, con las
especies R. americana y R. pennata. Rhea pennata es una especie que, en el interior de los límites
nacionales, se distribuye en las provincias más elevadas de Puno, Tacna y Moquegua. Según el cronista
Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, esta especie se desarrollaba en muchas zonas del altiplano, y menciona que
ya era llamado “suri” por las poblaciones ancestrales. Menciona, además, que esta especie era
importante de forma ceremonial: sus plumas servían para la confección de tocados ceremoniales; y a
sus garras, pico, grasa y vísceras se le atribuían cualidades místicas. Es una especie que fue venerada,
cuidada y respetada por las culturas prehispánicas y cuya extinción local vale la pena evitar.
Overgrazing dynamics, the construction of hamlets, illegal poaching, amongst other facts, had driven a very singular specie of andean bird to the brink of extinction in the national territory. This bird is the “suri” (Rhea pennata D’Orbigny, 1834). This is a specie of non-flying bird that occurs in the highlands of the South American Altiplano, with an average size of little more than one metre. It is known that the specie can present less than 400 individuals within the national territory’s limits. Akin to the African ostrich, to the Australian emu, and the New Zealand cassowary, the genus Rhea includes the biggest birds of the entire continent. The first National Suri Census allowed to know how endangered the specie was within our country. Henceforth, the conscientious implementation of regional politics, like the implementation of the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure, had allowed to make progresses in what refers to conservation: a very important portion of the population of this specie is placed within the already mentioned natural protected area. Although the mentioned efforts to preserve R. pennata from the extinction, it is very pertinent to encourage the investigations that may allow to identify the distribution parameters of this specie, in order to help to achieve its conservation, that it may avoid the extinction of such a peculiar bird in the Peruvian territory. The present investigation aims to determine the actual situation, both ecological and geographical, within the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure; to identify the way human populations may act as a limitation of distribution of the “suri”; and, by the usance of the Maximum Entropy Coefficient (MaxEnt), estimate the potential distribution of this specie within the Regional Conservation Area. Notwithstanding the efforts made, there are still in existence grazing dynamics within the limits of the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure, by which this specie is still menaced. The population centres are placed very close to the areas in which Rhea pennata can observe a better distribution, due to -setting an example- their closure to the “bofedales” (sing. “bofedal”, i.e., Andean wetland), that the studied specie requires to obtain the vegetation on which it feeds, and obtain the water it drinks. The studied specie, also, shuns mankind, and prefers to stay far from it. This apparent interespecific competition may entail an impediment to the efforts made conscientiously by the Regional Government. With populations that are distributed by the altoandean regions of Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru, Rhea is the sole and only genus of the Struthionidae family that occurs in the American continent, containing the species R. americana and R. pennata. Rhea pennata is a specie that, within the national limits, bases its distribution in the highest provinces of the regions of Puno, Tacna, and Moquegua. According to the chronist Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, this specie used to develop its distribution in many places of the Altiplano, and he mentions that it was called “suri” by the ancestral populations. In addition, he mentions that this specie was important due to its ceremonial uses: its feathers were used to weave ceremonial caps; and upon its claws, bill, grease, and entrails were attributed mystical qualities. It is a specie that was reverenced, cared, and respected by the prehispanic cultures, and which extinction is worthwhile to be avoided.
Overgrazing dynamics, the construction of hamlets, illegal poaching, amongst other facts, had driven a very singular specie of andean bird to the brink of extinction in the national territory. This bird is the “suri” (Rhea pennata D’Orbigny, 1834). This is a specie of non-flying bird that occurs in the highlands of the South American Altiplano, with an average size of little more than one metre. It is known that the specie can present less than 400 individuals within the national territory’s limits. Akin to the African ostrich, to the Australian emu, and the New Zealand cassowary, the genus Rhea includes the biggest birds of the entire continent. The first National Suri Census allowed to know how endangered the specie was within our country. Henceforth, the conscientious implementation of regional politics, like the implementation of the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure, had allowed to make progresses in what refers to conservation: a very important portion of the population of this specie is placed within the already mentioned natural protected area. Although the mentioned efforts to preserve R. pennata from the extinction, it is very pertinent to encourage the investigations that may allow to identify the distribution parameters of this specie, in order to help to achieve its conservation, that it may avoid the extinction of such a peculiar bird in the Peruvian territory. The present investigation aims to determine the actual situation, both ecological and geographical, within the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure; to identify the way human populations may act as a limitation of distribution of the “suri”; and, by the usance of the Maximum Entropy Coefficient (MaxEnt), estimate the potential distribution of this specie within the Regional Conservation Area. Notwithstanding the efforts made, there are still in existence grazing dynamics within the limits of the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure, by which this specie is still menaced. The population centres are placed very close to the areas in which Rhea pennata can observe a better distribution, due to -setting an example- their closure to the “bofedales” (sing. “bofedal”, i.e., Andean wetland), that the studied specie requires to obtain the vegetation on which it feeds, and obtain the water it drinks. The studied specie, also, shuns mankind, and prefers to stay far from it. This apparent interespecific competition may entail an impediment to the efforts made conscientiously by the Regional Government. With populations that are distributed by the altoandean regions of Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru, Rhea is the sole and only genus of the Struthionidae family that occurs in the American continent, containing the species R. americana and R. pennata. Rhea pennata is a specie that, within the national limits, bases its distribution in the highest provinces of the regions of Puno, Tacna, and Moquegua. According to the chronist Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, this specie used to develop its distribution in many places of the Altiplano, and he mentions that it was called “suri” by the ancestral populations. In addition, he mentions that this specie was important due to its ceremonial uses: its feathers were used to weave ceremonial caps; and upon its claws, bill, grease, and entrails were attributed mystical qualities. It is a specie that was reverenced, cared, and respected by the prehispanic cultures, and which extinction is worthwhile to be avoided.
Description
Keywords
Especies en vías de extinción--Perú, Aves--Conservación, Áreas protegidas--Protección--Perú
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess