Dinámicas de colaboración, heterogeneidad institucional y gobernanza en intervenciones públicas de agua y saneamiento : el caso del proyecto integral del agua potable en la ciudad de Pasco, 2015-2018
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2019-07-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La ciudad de Pasco, caracterizada por sus actividades mineras y por ser escenario de importantes capítulos de efervescencia social y política durante el siglo XX, hoy atraviesa un conjunto de problemáticas socioambientales que ponen en riesgo el bienestar y la salud de sus pobladores. Siendo la más preocupante la ausencia de un sistema de agua potable para el suministro de las viviendas de más de 80 mil pobladores. Es en 2015 que, en respuesta, el Gobierno Regional y el Estado peruano deciden implementar el Proyecto Integral de Agua Potable, el cual involucra a una amplia variedad de actores institucionales cuyos intereses, jurisdicciones y competencias configuran dinámicas de colaboración con importantes consecuencias en la gobernanza y sostenibilidad de esta intervención pública, así como en las condiciones de desarrollo locales. Esta investigación plantea el estudio de caso de este proyecto desde del enfoque de gobernanza-en-red y, asimismo, propone un abordaje analítico el cual combina la sociología relacional del actor-red y la sociología de la acción pública. Además, a nivel metodológico es empleado un rastreo de procesos cuya finalidad es la reconstrucción contextual de los principales eventos y dinámicas institucionales. Los resultados sugieren que las dinámicas de colaboración institucional se produjeron en espacios discrecionales y desregulados de negociación y toma de decisiones conformando trayectorias de interacción fragmentadas, las cuales produjeron convenios de cooperación poco claros y contraproducentes con los objetivos y actividades del proyecto. Produciéndose así múltiples situaciones contenciosas cuyos efectos debilitaron la capacidad de movilización conjunta del entramado institucional y, al mismo tiempo, propiciaron entornos de desgobierno, desconfianza e incertidumbre.
The city of Pasco, characterized by its mining activities and being the scene of important chapters of social and political effervescence during the twentieth century, today experience a set of socio-environmental issues that put the well-being and health of its inhabitants at risk. The most worrying is the lack of a drinking water system to supply the homes of more than 80,000 residents. Because of this, in 2015 the Regional Government and the Peruvian State decided to implement the Drinking Water Project, which involves a wide variety of institutional actors whose interests, jurisdictions and competences give shape to the collaboration dynamics with important consequences on governance, and sustainability of this public intervention, as well as in local development conditions. This research proposes the case study of this project from the network governance approach and also posits an analytical approach which combines the actor-network approach and the sociology of public action. In addition, the methodology is based on a process tracing whose objective is the contextual reconstruction of the main events and institutional dynamics. The results suggest that the institutional collaboration dynamics took place in discretionary and unregulated spaces of negotiation and decision-making, forming fragmented interaction trajectories, which produced unclear cooperation agreements with counterproductive effects to the project's goals and activities. This resulted in a variety of contentious situations whose effects weakened the capacity for coordinated mobilization of the institutional network and, at the same time, fostered environments of misrule, distrust and uncertainty.
The city of Pasco, characterized by its mining activities and being the scene of important chapters of social and political effervescence during the twentieth century, today experience a set of socio-environmental issues that put the well-being and health of its inhabitants at risk. The most worrying is the lack of a drinking water system to supply the homes of more than 80,000 residents. Because of this, in 2015 the Regional Government and the Peruvian State decided to implement the Drinking Water Project, which involves a wide variety of institutional actors whose interests, jurisdictions and competences give shape to the collaboration dynamics with important consequences on governance, and sustainability of this public intervention, as well as in local development conditions. This research proposes the case study of this project from the network governance approach and also posits an analytical approach which combines the actor-network approach and the sociology of public action. In addition, the methodology is based on a process tracing whose objective is the contextual reconstruction of the main events and institutional dynamics. The results suggest that the institutional collaboration dynamics took place in discretionary and unregulated spaces of negotiation and decision-making, forming fragmented interaction trajectories, which produced unclear cooperation agreements with counterproductive effects to the project's goals and activities. This resulted in a variety of contentious situations whose effects weakened the capacity for coordinated mobilization of the institutional network and, at the same time, fostered environments of misrule, distrust and uncertainty.
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Agua potable--Perú--Cerro de Pasco--Estudio de casos, Saneamiento--Perú--Cerro de Pasco, Intervención (Gobierno federal)--Perú--Cerro de Pasco, Desarrollo de la comunidad--Perú--Cerro de Pasco
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