Estudio de caso de un niño de 9 años con trastorno específico del aprendizaje con dificultad en la lectura
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2021-02-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La lectura y la escritura son instrumentos necesarios para el acceso al aprendizaje y un buen desenvolvimiento
en el ámbito escolar. En nuestra realidad se observa un incremento de la población estudiantil que manifiestan
dificultades de aprendizaje en la lectura y la escritura que podrían llevarlos al fracaso escolar, aunado a esto
una escasa detección e intervención temprana que les permita desarrollar capacidades y estrategias para
afrontar su dificultad. Es importante el conocimiento y análisis del experto en estas dificultades, pues las
acciones que decida impactará en el individuo, por esta razón el objetivo del presente caso es la descripción
del proceso de evaluación y análisis del perfil de un niño con trastorno especifico del aprendizaje en la lectura,
además de comprobar la eficacia de un diseño de intervención adaptado a los requerimientos del niño. En la
etapa de intervención del caso se prioriza el trabajo en los procesos de bajo nivel de la lectura como son el
proceso perceptivo a través de la identificación de los sonidos y nombre de las letras, el análisis y síntesis de
una palabra a partir de sus sonidos y el reconocimiento visual de las letras que conforman la palabra, así
también, se dirigen las estrategias hacia el desarrollo de la ruta visual y fonológica para la lectura de palabras
frecuentes e infrecuentes con precisión y velocidad. Se complementa el trabajo terapéutico con actividades
para el desarrollo de la memoria auditiva inmediata ya que se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con la
lectura y escritura. Este plan de intervención se desarrolló durante 24 sesiones a través de actividades
sistematizadas y específicas a las dificultades del niño, que conllevaron a resultados positivos, demostrandol a funcionalidad del diseño de intervención aplicado, evidenciando un mejor dominio de las reglas de
conversión grafema - fonema y fonema - grafema que impactan en la lectura y escritura respectivamente,
habilidades de gran importancia en desarrollo personal, educativo, social y laboral de una persona.
Reading and writing are necessary tools for access to learning and a good performance at school environment. Currently, there is an increase in the student population that show learning difficulties in reading and writing that could lead to school failure, joined with poor detection and early intervention that allows them to develop skills and strategies to face their difficulty. The knowledge and analysis of the expert in these difficulties is important, since the actions he decides will impact on the individual, for this reason the objective of this case is the description of the process of evaluation and analysis of the profile of a child with specific learning disorder in reading, in addition to checking the effectiveness of an intervention design adapted to the child´s requirements. In the intervention stage of the case, work in thew-level processes of reading such as the perceptual process is prioritized through the identification of sounds and name of letters, the analysis and synthesis of a word from its sounds and the visual recognition of the letters that make up the word , as well as, strategies are directed towards the development of the visual and phonological path for reading frequent and rare words with precision and speed. Therapeutic work is complemented by activities for the development of immediate hearing memory as it is closely related to reading and writing. This intervention plan was developed during 24 sessions through systematized activities specific to the child's difficulties, which led to positive results, demonstrating the functionality of the applied intervention design, demonstrating a better mastery of the rules of conversion grapheme - phoneme and phoneme - grapheme that impact reading and writing respectively, skills of great importance in personal development , educational, social and employment of a person.
Reading and writing are necessary tools for access to learning and a good performance at school environment. Currently, there is an increase in the student population that show learning difficulties in reading and writing that could lead to school failure, joined with poor detection and early intervention that allows them to develop skills and strategies to face their difficulty. The knowledge and analysis of the expert in these difficulties is important, since the actions he decides will impact on the individual, for this reason the objective of this case is the description of the process of evaluation and analysis of the profile of a child with specific learning disorder in reading, in addition to checking the effectiveness of an intervention design adapted to the child´s requirements. In the intervention stage of the case, work in thew-level processes of reading such as the perceptual process is prioritized through the identification of sounds and name of letters, the analysis and synthesis of a word from its sounds and the visual recognition of the letters that make up the word , as well as, strategies are directed towards the development of the visual and phonological path for reading frequent and rare words with precision and speed. Therapeutic work is complemented by activities for the development of immediate hearing memory as it is closely related to reading and writing. This intervention plan was developed during 24 sessions through systematized activities specific to the child's difficulties, which led to positive results, demonstrating the functionality of the applied intervention design, demonstrating a better mastery of the rules of conversion grapheme - phoneme and phoneme - grapheme that impact reading and writing respectively, skills of great importance in personal development , educational, social and employment of a person.
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Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación)--Estudio de casos, Escritura--Estudio y enseñanza, Lectura--Estudio y enseñanza