Campesinos republicanos: la sociedad rural de Ayacucho y el estado peruano en el siglo XIX (1840-1880)
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2020-07-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis indaga cómo los campesinos de Ayacucho participaron en el proceso
de formación del Estado republicano. Para ello, primero determina las manifestaciones de
la presencia del Estado en la región y luego, descubre y analiza las percepciones y
respuestas que dicha presencia generó entre los campesinos del siglo XIX.
Para alcanzar dichos objetivos, analiza las siguientes variables: el contexto regional del
siglo XIX, que ocasionó la restructuración de la propiedad privada; las relaciones sociales
conflictivas entre hacendados y campesinos y la relación entre campesinado y Estado.
A partir de la información proveniente de los documentos de los funcionarios estatales
y de los expedientes judiciales que contienen el testimonio de los campesinos, propone que
las circunstancias de crecimiento demográfico y expansión del mercado ocasionaron la
aparición de numerosas haciendas y de conflictos entre hacendados y campesinos. Para
sortear dichos conflictos, los campesinos se relacionaron con la forma discursiva del
Estado. Asimismo, elaboraron una memoria, consistente en la manipulación simbólica del
pasado prehispánico remoto que, al tener conexión con las leyes coloniales, legitimaba su
derecho de posesión de la tierra. Con esta memoria construyeron argumentos culturales
para acudir y responder a la forma discursiva del Estado.
This thesis investigates how the peasants of Ayacucho participated in the process of formation of the Peruvian Republican State. To do this, it locates and determines the manifestations of the State´s presence in the region and then analyzes the perceptions and responses that this presence generated among the peasants of the 19th century. To achieve these objectives, this thesis analyzes the following variables: the regional context of the 19th century, which caused the restructuring of private property; the conflictive social relations between landowners and peasants and the relationship between the peasantry and the State. Based on the information from the documents of the state officials and judicial records that containing the testimony of the peasants, this thesis proposes that the circumstances of demographic growth and market expansion caused the appearance of many haciendas and conflicts between landowners and peasants. To overcome these conflicts, the peasants were related to the discursive form of the State and elaborated a memory consisting of the symbolic manipulation of the remote pre-Hispanic past which, having a connection with colonial laws legitimized their right to own land. They constructed with this memory cultural arguments to respond to the discursive form of State.
This thesis investigates how the peasants of Ayacucho participated in the process of formation of the Peruvian Republican State. To do this, it locates and determines the manifestations of the State´s presence in the region and then analyzes the perceptions and responses that this presence generated among the peasants of the 19th century. To achieve these objectives, this thesis analyzes the following variables: the regional context of the 19th century, which caused the restructuring of private property; the conflictive social relations between landowners and peasants and the relationship between the peasantry and the State. Based on the information from the documents of the state officials and judicial records that containing the testimony of the peasants, this thesis proposes that the circumstances of demographic growth and market expansion caused the appearance of many haciendas and conflicts between landowners and peasants. To overcome these conflicts, the peasants were related to the discursive form of the State and elaborated a memory consisting of the symbolic manipulation of the remote pre-Hispanic past which, having a connection with colonial laws legitimized their right to own land. They constructed with this memory cultural arguments to respond to the discursive form of State.
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Perú--Historia--Siglo XIX, Campesinos--Perú--Ayacucho--Condiciones sociales--Siglo XIX, Ayacucho--Historia--Siglo XIX, Haciendas--Perú--Ayacucho--Historia--Siglo XIX
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