Calidad en las empresas del sector comercialización de prendas de vestir en Lima Metropolitana
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2017-06-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta investigación se ha desarrollado para medir la calidad en las empresas del sector
comercialización de prendas de vestir en Lima Metropolitana, así como para identificar si
existe alguna diferencia entre las empresas que cuentan con un Sistema de Gestión de la
Calidad (SGC) y las que no lo tienen. El estudio se basa en el modelo TQM que comprende
nueve factores de la calidad (Benzaquen, 2013): (a) alta gerencia, (b) planeamiento de la
calidad, (c) auditoría y evaluación de la calidad, (d) diseño del producto, (e) gestión de la
calidad del proveedor, (f) control y mejoramiento del proceso, (g) educación y entrenamiento,
(h) círculos de calidad, y (i) enfoque hacia la satisfacción del cliente. Se ha usado enfoque
cuantitativo, transeccional y con alcance descriptivo y explicativo.
Se aplicó el instrumento TQM (Benzaquen, 2013) a una muestra de 164 empresas
comercializadoras de prendas de vestir en Lima Metropolitana, obteniéndose que el nivel de
calidad es bueno, con un promedio de 4.0 en una escala del 1.0 al 5.0. El factor con mejor
desempeño es el Diseño del Producto, seguido por el involucramiento de la Alta Gerencia y
el Planeamiento de la Calidad. Además, se identificó que el peor nivel de desempeño se
presentó en los Círculos de Calidad y en el Control y Mejoramiento del Proceso. Lo cual
indica que aún existen áreas de mejora.
En cuanto a la influencia que tienen los SGC en los niveles de calidad se encontró que
las empresas del sector Comercialización de Prendas de Vestir en Lima Metropolitana que
han implementado estos sistemas tienen diferencias significativas en los factores de calidad
de aquellas empresas que no los tienen. Mostrando mayores niveles de desempeño en cada
uno de los nueve factores de la calidad
This research was developed to measure the quality in the sector of trading apparel companies in Lima Metropolitana, as well as to determine whether there is any difference between companies that have a Total Quality Management System (TQM) and those that do not have this kind of systems. Doing this through the TQM model comprising nine factors of quality (Benzaquen, 2013): (a) senior management, (b) quality planning, (c) auditing and quality assessment, (d) product design (e) management quality supplier, (f) control and process improvement, (g) education and training, (h) quality circles, and (i) focus on customer satisfaction. Using a quantitative and transactional approach, with descriptive and explanatory scope. After applying the TQM (Benzaquen, 2013) instrument to a sample of 164 companies that sell apparel items in LimaMetropolitana, obtaining that the level of quality on this sector is good, with an average of 4.0 on a scale of 1.0 to 5.0. The best performing factor is the design of the product, followed by the involvement of Senior Management and Quality Planning. In addition it was identified that the worst level of performance was presented by Quality Circles and Control and Process Improvement. This indicates that there are still areas for improvement in order to reach a higher quality levels. Regarding the influence of the TQM in quality levels, there was found that companies in the trading apparel sector in Lima that have implemented these systems have significant differences in the quality factors of those companies that do not. Showing higher levels in all nine quality factors
This research was developed to measure the quality in the sector of trading apparel companies in Lima Metropolitana, as well as to determine whether there is any difference between companies that have a Total Quality Management System (TQM) and those that do not have this kind of systems. Doing this through the TQM model comprising nine factors of quality (Benzaquen, 2013): (a) senior management, (b) quality planning, (c) auditing and quality assessment, (d) product design (e) management quality supplier, (f) control and process improvement, (g) education and training, (h) quality circles, and (i) focus on customer satisfaction. Using a quantitative and transactional approach, with descriptive and explanatory scope. After applying the TQM (Benzaquen, 2013) instrument to a sample of 164 companies that sell apparel items in LimaMetropolitana, obtaining that the level of quality on this sector is good, with an average of 4.0 on a scale of 1.0 to 5.0. The best performing factor is the design of the product, followed by the involvement of Senior Management and Quality Planning. In addition it was identified that the worst level of performance was presented by Quality Circles and Control and Process Improvement. This indicates that there are still areas for improvement in order to reach a higher quality levels. Regarding the influence of the TQM in quality levels, there was found that companies in the trading apparel sector in Lima that have implemented these systems have significant differences in the quality factors of those companies that do not. Showing higher levels in all nine quality factors
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Palabras clave
Calidad total, Industria del vestido -- Perú -- Lima, Investigación cuantitativa
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