Revisión de los fundamentos teóricos en ecología de la legislación ambiental peruana sobre diversidad
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2021-11-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP)
Abstract
A partir de la identificación del marco teórico en ecología de la diversidad y la revisión de las normas jurídicas de nivel constitucional y legal que regulan sobre la materia, se analiza el tratamiento que la legislación ambiental peruana ha otorgado a la diversidad, con énfasis en las “especies focales” por ser las más importantes en los ecosistemas. Como resultado, se advierte un mandato general de conservación de la diversidad, a la cual se entiende como la suma de los elementos diferentes del ecosistema, sin considerar su dependencia contextual (espacio y tiempo) y demás atributos de sistema complejo adaptativo. Además, se orienta principalmente en las especies vulnerables en detrimento de las demás especies focales. Por tanto, la legislación ambiental peruana no ha incorporado los principales planteamientos de la ecología integradora respecto de los ecosistemas.
Based on the identification of the theoretical framework in ecology of diversity and the review of the constitutional and legal norms that regulate the subject, the treatment that Peruvian environmental legislation has given to diversity is analyzed, with emphasis on "focal species" as those of greatest interest. As a result, a general mandate for the conservation of diversity is observed, which is understood as the sum of the different elements of the ecosystem, without considering its contextual dependence (space and time) and other attributes of a complex adaptative system. In addition, it focuses mainly on vulnerable species to the detriment of other focal species. Therefore, Peruvian environmental legislation has not incorporated the main approaches of integrative ecology with respect to ecosystems.
Based on the identification of the theoretical framework in ecology of diversity and the review of the constitutional and legal norms that regulate the subject, the treatment that Peruvian environmental legislation has given to diversity is analyzed, with emphasis on "focal species" as those of greatest interest. As a result, a general mandate for the conservation of diversity is observed, which is understood as the sum of the different elements of the ecosystem, without considering its contextual dependence (space and time) and other attributes of a complex adaptative system. In addition, it focuses mainly on vulnerable species to the detriment of other focal species. Therefore, Peruvian environmental legislation has not incorporated the main approaches of integrative ecology with respect to ecosystems.
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Diversity, Environmental law, Ecology, Focal species, complex systems, Diversidad, Derecho ambiental, Ecología, Especies focales, Sistemas complejos
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