El efecto de los precios en el consumo de alcohol en el Perú
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2019-09-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
El consumo de alcohol es nocivo para la sociedad por sus efectos en la salud, motivo por el cual,
reducirlo es un objetivo de política pública. Para limitar el consumo de alcohol existen una serie de
mecanismos, entre los cuales destaca el incremento de los precios vía impuestos. Existen numerosos
estudios sobre el impacto de los precios en el consumo de alcohol (Selvanathan et al, 1991; Fogarty,
2004; Gallet, 2007; Nelson, 2014), no obstante, a la fecha no se cuenta con estimaciones para Perú.
El presente estudio busca llenar ese vacío en la literatura. A fin de cumplir con el objetivo, se utiliza
el método de Heckman, para estimar la elasticidad precio de la demanda de cerveza y del resto de
bebidas alcohólicas. Los datos son de corte transversal obtenidos de las ENAHO 2004 y 2017. Entre
los resultados se encuentra que la demanda de cerveza y bebidas alcohólicas es inelástica, mientras
que la elasticidad precio de la demanda es mayor para la cerveza que para las bebidas alcohólicas.
Además, existe sustitución entre el consumo de cerveza y bebidas alcohólicas. Finalmente, se puede
determinar que las variables asociadas con el entorno explican la probabilidad de consumir bebidas
alcohólicas, pero no su cantidad y existe sesgo de selección.
The consumption of alcohol is harmful to society because of its effects on health, which is why reducing it is a public policy objective. To limit alcohol consumption there are a number of mechanisms, among which the increase in prices via taxes stands out. There are numerous studies on the impact of prices on alcohol consumption (Selvanathan et al, 1991, Fogarty, 2004, Gallet, 2007, Nelson, 2014), however, to date there are no estimates for Peru. The present study seeks to fill that gap in the literature. In order to meet the objective, the Heckman method is used to estimate the price elasticity of the demand for beer and other alcoholic beverages. The data are cross-sectional of the ENAHO 2004 and 2017. Among the results it is found that the demand for beer and alcoholic beverages is inelastic and the price elasticity of the demand is greater for beer than for alcoholic beverages. Also, there is substitution between the consumption of beer and alcoholic beverages. Finally, it can be determined than the variables associated with the environment explain the probability of consuming alcoholic beverages, but not their quantity and there is selection bias.
The consumption of alcohol is harmful to society because of its effects on health, which is why reducing it is a public policy objective. To limit alcohol consumption there are a number of mechanisms, among which the increase in prices via taxes stands out. There are numerous studies on the impact of prices on alcohol consumption (Selvanathan et al, 1991, Fogarty, 2004, Gallet, 2007, Nelson, 2014), however, to date there are no estimates for Peru. The present study seeks to fill that gap in the literature. In order to meet the objective, the Heckman method is used to estimate the price elasticity of the demand for beer and other alcoholic beverages. The data are cross-sectional of the ENAHO 2004 and 2017. Among the results it is found that the demand for beer and alcoholic beverages is inelastic and the price elasticity of the demand is greater for beer than for alcoholic beverages. Also, there is substitution between the consumption of beer and alcoholic beverages. Finally, it can be determined than the variables associated with the environment explain the probability of consuming alcoholic beverages, but not their quantity and there is selection bias.
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Industria de bebidas alcohólicas--Perú, Precios--Perú, Consumo (Economía)--Perú
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item.page.review
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